Connective Tissue Types
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| adipose (fat) | functions - energy, heat insulation, mechanical cushion; ground substance: semi-solid gelatinous material, made up of hyaluronic acid; cells are lipid-filled (adipocytes); fibers: collagen | below the skin, surrounding internal organs; fat - examples, mammary glands, hypodermis | loose connective tissue proper
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| dense regular | ground substance: sparse; fibers: collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles; cells: fibroblasts (the nuclei are elongated in the direction of the fibers); primary function is mechanical support | ligaments (connect bone to bone); tendons (connect muscle to bone); aponeurosis (connect muscle to muscle); | dense connective tissue proper
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| dense irregular | ground substance: very scant; fibers: collagen, irregularly arranged; cells: fibroblasts | found where tension is exerted from many directions; found in the dermis of the skin | dense connective tissue proper
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| reticular | ground substance: hyaluronic acide (gelatinous material); fibers: reticular (fibers are few and loosely arranged); cells: fibroblasts (called reticular cells) | lymph nodes and bone marrow | loose connective tissue proper
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| cartilage | ground substance: chondroitin sulfate; fibers: collagen & elastic; cells: chondroblasts (immature) & chondrocytes (mature); cartilage is tough but flexible and has no blood supply (avascular) and no nerve supply | hyaline: articular sufraces of long bones (i.e. femur, tibia); fibrocartilage: between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) and the pubic symphysis; elastic cartilage: ear, epiglottis | cartilage
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| bone | ground substance: hydroxy apatite; cells: osteoblasts & osteocytes; fibers: collagen; bones have both blood supply and nerve supply | skeleton | bone
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| areolar (fascia) | ground substance: hyaluronic acid (gelatinous material); fibers: collagen; cells: fibroblasts function: strength, elasticity, support, and immune system protection; also binds parts of the body together and lubricates & nourishes epithelial tissue | wraps around blood vessels, nerves, organs | loose connective tissue proper
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