Anatomical Terminology from Lab Manual
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| Anatomical position | 1-body erect; 2-face forward; 3-upper lims at the side of the body; 4-palms forward; 5-lower limbs parallel; 6-feet pointed forward |
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| Divisions of Anatomy | 1-gross:macroscopic; 2-microscopic; 3-developmental (study of individual from conception to death) |
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| Different wasy of studying gross anatomy | regional, systemic, surface |
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| microscopic | cytology (cells), histology (tissues) |
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| developmental | intrauterine (embryonic-1st 2 months gestation and fetal-3rd to 9 months) and extrauterine (birth (parturition) to death |
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| Body planes & sections | median, saggital, frontal, horizontal |
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| median plane | divides the body into equal right & left halves |
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| saggital plane | vertical planes parallel to the median plane |
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| frontal plane | vertical plane dividing the body intor anterior and posterior parts |
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| horizontal plane (transaxial) | divides the body into superior and inferior parts |
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| regional terms | axial and appendicular |
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| axial | head, neck, trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis) |
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| appendicular | upper and lower limb plus pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula) and pelvic girdle (os coxae-hip bone) |
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| superior | toward the head | the heart is superior to the liver
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| inferior | toward the feet | the stomach is inferior to the lungs
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| anterior | toward the front of the body | the sternum is anterior to the heart
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| posterior | toward the back of the body | the esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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| medial | toward the median plane | the ulna is medial to the radius
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| lateral | further from the medial plane | the lungs are lateral to the heart
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| proximal | nearer the trunk or point of origin | the humerus is proximal to the radius
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| distal | away from the trunk or point of origin | the phalanges are distal to the carpals
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| superficial | near the surface | the ribs are superficial to the lungs
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| deep | away from the surface (profundus) | the ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back
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| dorsum | back of hand or superior surface of foot |
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| palmar | anterior surface of hand |
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| plantar | sole of the foot |
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| ipsilateral | on the same side |
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| contralateral | on the opposite side |
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