Forestry 360 Range Management Exam 3
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| This animal is the predator that causes the greatest number of sheep losses in the western US. | Coyote
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| This is the common name for plants that cause more cattle deaths in Montana than any other plant species. | Larkspurs
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| This animal is the wild ungulate species that appears to have the greatest social aversion to livestock. | Bighorn
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| This is caused by certain poisonous plants and results in an "allergic reaction to sunlight" in that there is a swelling of the head and sloughing of skin in light-colored animals exposed to sunlight. These substances poison the liver. | Photosensitivity
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| This is a wild ungulate species that has little or no aversion to grazing with cattle and sheep. | Pronghorn Antelope
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| The natural abode of a plant or animal including all biotic, climatic, and edaphic factors affecting its life. | Habitat
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| This animal has the greatest problem with sheep fences. | Pronghorn Antelope
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| This micro nutrient is often deficient in Montana and the Northwest. This deficiency causes white muscle disease. | Selenium
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| This animal will use coprophagy to improve utilization of protein. | Horse
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| Which animal is best suited for rangelands dominated by tall, course grass? | Horses
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| Spring cattle grazing on mule deer range has been shown to be effective in increasing ... | Shrubs
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| The 11 western states support about what percentage of the nations cattle? | 20 %
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| Which of the following animals consume the highest amount of forage as a percent of body weight? | horse
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| The primary advantage to cecal digestion of fiber is? | Fiber moves through system more quickly w/o great reduction in particle size.
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| Do low corn and wheat prices actually reduce the demand for beef? Explain. | Make poultry / pork more economical.
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| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Climatic Risks
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| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Financial uncertainty
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| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Political Risks
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| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Biological risks
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| Why are cell contents digested more rapidly than cell walls? | Cell walls contain cellulose + hemicellulose.
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| If you were a rancher in a semiarid rangeland in the western U.S. how would you minimize biological and financial risks associated with drought? | Conservative stocking rates (30-35%)
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| Do prairie dogs have any beneficial aspects on rangeland ecosystems grazed by livestock? Explain. | Yes. Important for turning soil, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity aspects.
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| Livestock obtain high amounts of fats from rangeland plants. | False
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| Common use grazing refers to an area grazed by several different livestock producers. | False
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| Potassium is the most limiting mineral nutrient on most rangelands. | False
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| Leaves of grasses generally are a better source of nitrogen than grass stems. | True
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| Grasses have higher digestibility than shrubs and forbs at comparable stages of maturity. | False
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| Fixed costs are expenses that do not vary with number of livestock. | True
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| Heterosis or hybrid vigor is considered a negative consequence of cross-breeding programs. | False
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| The rumen system allows for efficient digestion of lignin. | False
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| The cecum system allows for digestion of cellulose. | True
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| Annual livestock losses from poisonous plants on western rangelands average over 20% / year. | False
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| The animals classified as browsers experience digestive upset when they consume large amounts of forbs. | False
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| Periodic drought is not a concern for ranchers when forage use rates are set to 50%. | False
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| Generally, energy supplementation is the most financially effective supplement when grasses and forbs are dominant and shrubs are lacking. | False
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| The rumen is an enlarged portion of the digestive tract that food enters after the true stomach. | False
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| Bacteria associated with the digestive tracts of grazing animals can synthesize water soluble vitamins. | True
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| Wild and domestic ungulates get some of their mineral nutrients by eating soil. | True
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| Cellulose is a common component of plants in which only ruminants have digestive enzymes capable of breaking down the material into a usable energy. | False
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| Metabolic rates of range animals often decrease during periods of low forage quality. | True
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| Range cattle are grazers and therefore browse is unimportant in their nutritional needs. | False
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| Overgrazing of rangelands is a major cause of increases in poisonous plants and livestock losses. | True
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| Of the toxic substances that are found in plants, alkaloids are generally considered only mildly toxic and rarely cause large problems to livestock producers. | False
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| Cattle should not be grazed on elk winter ranges. | False
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| As a range manager over a livestock operation with areas where waterfowl nest how would you continue to graze your ranch with livestock but reduce impacts on the waterfowl. | Rest rotation.
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| Management plan for wildlife | Direct effects, indirect effects, and operational.
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| Edge effect | Areas where 2 or more habitats come together. Generally considered desirable accept when human created.
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