Senses (Chapter 15)
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| Surrounds the entrance to the external canal; protects the canal; channels sound waves into the canal. | Pinna
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| Channels sound waves to the tympanum. | External Auditory Canal
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| Thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear; vibrates in response to sound waves. | Tympanum
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| Auditory ossicle attached to the tympanum; AKA the hammer. | Malleus
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| The auditory ossicle attached to the oval window; AKA the stirrup. | Stapes
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| The middle auditory ossicle; AKA the anvil. | Incus
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| The bones in the middle ear; transmit sound waves from the tympanum to the oval window. | Auditory ossicles
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| Thin membrane that causes the fluid in the cochlea to vibrate in response to sound waves carried by the ossicles. | Round window
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| Thin membrane that separates the fluid in the cochlea form the air in the middle ear. | Oval window
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| Contains receptors that provide sensation of hearing. | Cochlea
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| Helps maintain balance when the head and body are moved suddenly. | Dynamic
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| Maintains posture and stability when the body is motionless. | Static
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| Provides information about position with respect to gravity. | Static
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| Provides information about rotational movements of the head. | Dynamic
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| Receptors are found in the semicircular canals. | Dynamic
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| Receptors are found in the vestibule | Static
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| Inherited bone disorder that impairs conduction by causing structural irregularity in the stapes. | Otosclerosis
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| "ringing in the ear" | Tinnitus
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| Middle ear infection | Otitis media
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| Sensation of spinning | Vertigo
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| Progressive hearing loss associated with aging | Presbycusis
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| Chronic inner ear disease characterized by progressive nerve deafness and vertigo | Meniere's disease
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| Nearsightedness | Myopia
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| An irregularity in the cornea | Astigmatism
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| "pink-eye" | Conjunctivitis
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| Chlamydial conjunctivitis | Trachoma
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| Cloudy spots in the eye's lens | Cataracts
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| Often caused by diabetes mellitus | Retinopathy
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| Farsightedness | Hyperopia
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| "night-blindness" | Nyctalopia
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| Loss of only the center of the visual field. | Scotoma
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| Excessive intraocular pressure caused by abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor. | Glaucoma
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| Rich in blood and contains a dark pigment that prevents light scattering within the eye. | Choroid
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| Pigmented portion of the eye that control the diameter of the pupil. | Iris
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| Allows light to enter the eye. | Pupil
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| Attached to the lens; changes the shape of the lens during focusing. | Ciliary body
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| Contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones); converts light into a nerve impulse. | Retina
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| Blind spot; where the optic nerve exits the eyeball. | Optic disc
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| Yellow spot; area of high cone density. | Macula lutea
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| Contains only cones and is the area of greatest visual acuity. | Fovea centralis
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| Focuses light into the retina. | Lens
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| Holds the lens upright and is attached to the ciliary body. | Suspensory ligament
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| Contains aqueous humor. | Anterior chamber
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| Contains vitreous humor. | Vitreous chamber
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| White of the eye. | Sclera
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| Anterior portion of the fibrous tunic; clear and transparent. | Cornea
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| Muscles that constrict the pupil when contracted. | Circular muscles
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| Muscle that dilate the pupil when contracted. | Radial fibers
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| Produces tears. | Lacrimal apparatus
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| Mucous membrane that lines the internal surface of the eyelids and continues over the anterior surface of the eyeball to the other edge of the cornea. | Conjunctiva
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| Inflammation of the conjunctiva. | Conjunctivitis
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| Modified swear glands that lie between the eyelashes and help lubricate the eyeball. | Ciliary glands
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| Inflammation of the ciliary glands. | Sty
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| Secrete an oily substance. | Meibomian glands
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| Dilute salt solution that cleanses, moistens, and protects the eye surface. | Tears
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| Light bending. | Refraction
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| Ability to focus for close (under 20 ft.) vision. | Accomodation
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| Normal vision. | Emmetropia
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| Inability to focus well on close objects (farsightedness). | Hyperopia
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| Nearsightedness. | Myopia
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| Blurred vision due to unequal curvatures of the lens or cornea. | Astigmatism
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| Medial movement of the eyes during focusing on close objects. | Convergence
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| The ear is divided into _____ major sections. | Three (3)
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| The function of the ossicles is to ________ sound vibrations through the middle ear. | Amplify & Carry
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| Another name for the eardrum is the _______. | Tympanic membrane
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| The ______ in the inner ear houses the structure that converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses. | Cochlea
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| The collective name for the three tiny bones found in the middle ear is _________. | Ossicles
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| The name of the first of the three tiny bones found in the middle ear is _______. | Malleus (Hammer)
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| The name of the second of the three tiny bones found in the middle ear is _______. | Incus (Anvil)
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| The name of the third of the three tiny bones found in the middle ear is _______. | Stapes (stirrup)
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| __________ are located in the inner ear deal with balance & equilibrium. | Semicircular canals
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| A tube connecting th eback of the throat with the middle ear is the __________. | Eustachian
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| _______ is a term used to denote "ringing" in the ears. | Tinnitus
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| A structure called the __________ carries nerve impulses from the inner ear to the brain. | Auditory nerve
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| The flap of the outer ear is called the _____. | Auricle
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| The main task of the Eustachian tube is to ________ the air pressure in the middle ear to the air pressure of the outer ear. | Equalize
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| The auricle's function is to direct __________ into the canal of the outer ear. | Sound vibrations
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