SALT 9th Science - Chp 10-17
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| alluvial fan | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a dry stream bed in the desert
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| delta | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments that forms at the mouth of a river
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| drumlin | a low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine
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| erosion | general term for the carrying away of rock fragments such as by wind or running water
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| fossils | the preserved remains of plants, animals, or humans in sedimentary rock
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| Ice Age | the period of history during which much of the earth’s high latitudes were apparently covered with glaciers
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| load | the sediments carried by a stream
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| moraine | a pile of debris left behind when a glacier melts
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| paleontology | the study of fossils
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| weathering | the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature
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| Charles Darwin | popularized evolution with the book On the Origin of Species
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| evolution | the false belief that the universe and all that is in it originated by natural process over billions of years
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| Charles Lyell | popularized the false idea of uniformitarianism
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| geologic column | a hypothetical time scale devised by evolutionists that supposedly charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust
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| special creation | the belief that God called the universe and all that is in it into existence out of nothing or “ex nihilo”
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| transitional forms | a hypothetical fossil that would show signs of evolving from one kind of organism into another; a “missing link”
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| What is the most important evidence against evolution in the fossil record? | the lack of transitional forms
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| uniformitarianism | the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate
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| acceleration | in physics, any change in speed, in direction, or in both speed an direction
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| Albert Einstein | proposed the General Theory of Relativity, which contains a geometric explanation of gravity
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| Aristotle | a Greek philosopher whose often erroneous ideas about nature were accepted unquestioningly for almost 2000 years
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| four fundamental forces of nature | strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force
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| Galileo Galilei | the Italian scientist who first demonstrated that the acceleration of a falling object does not depend on the mass of the object
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| Isaac Newton | the scientist who formulated the laws of motion and gravitation
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| force | the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another
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| inertia | the tendency of matter to resist changes in motion
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| mass | the quantity of matter an object contains
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| mechanics | the branch of physics that deals with objects in motion
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| newton | the SI unit of force
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| speed | distance traveled in a given time
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| velocity | the speed of an object in a particular direction
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| crest | the highest point of a wave
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| diffraction | the spreading out of a wave after it passes through a narrow opening
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| Doppler effect | a change in sound frequency caused by an object’s motion
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| frequency | the number of complete waves that pass a given point in a second
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| hertz | the SI unit of frequency, equal to 1 wave or cycle per second
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| interference | the mutual reinforcement or cancellation that occurs when two or more waves meet
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| medium | the substance through which a wave transfers energy
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| pitch | the effect of frequency on the way our ear perceives sound
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| refraction | the bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed, such as when crossing a boundary between medium
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| supersonic | speeds faster than the speed of sound
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| wave | a periodic back-and-forth motion that transmits energy through a substance
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| wavelength | the distance from one wave crest or trough to the next
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| concave | a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges, causing light rays to be spread out and objects to appear smaller
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| convex | a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges, causing light rays to be concentrated and objects to appear magnified
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| electromagnetic spectrum | an arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength
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| gamma rays | the most powerful and penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation
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| infrared waves | electromagnetic waves sometimes referred to as “heat waves”
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| Theodore H. Maiman | American scientist who constructed the first laser
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| James Clerk Maxwell | Scottish scientist who discovered that light consists of electromagnetic waves
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| photons | light is described as consisting of tiny bundles or “packets” of energy. These travel as electromagnetic waves
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| Max Planck | German scientist who showed that the energy of an electromagnetic wave is directly related to the wave’s frequency
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| quantum theory of light | states that light has characteristics of both particles and waves
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| radar | a device that uses reflected electromagnetic waves to measure the distanced and direction of faraway objects
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| radio waves | low-frequency waves widely used for communication
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| speed of light in a vacuum | is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second or 300,000 km/s
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| theory of relativity | states that all motion is relative to some reference point and that the speed of light is constant in relation to an observer
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| ultraviolet rays | electromagnetic waves responsible for tanning and sunburn
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| white | a combination of all the colors of light mixed together is perceived as this
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| X-rays | high-frequency electromagnetic waves used in medicine, dentistry, and in airport security to “see” inside solid objects
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| ampere | the unit of electron current
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| coulomb | the unit of electric charge
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| domain | a group of aligned atoms having a single magnetic field
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| electron | possesses a negative charge
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| ferromagnetic | a material that is strongly attracted to magnets and that has several unpaired electrons per atom
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| grounding | the process of diverting unwanted electrical charge directly into the earth
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| induction | electric charge can be imparted at a distance, without direct contact between the charged object and the uncharged object
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| neutral | an atom or other object that has no overall electrical charge
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| ohm | the unit used for measuring resistance
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| volt | the unit used to measure the force with which an electric current flows
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| watt | the SI unit of power
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| ammeter | instrument used to measure amperage
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| battery | a group of electrochemical cells connected together as a single source of current
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| generator | device that uses electromagnetic induction to produce electric current
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| incandescent lamp | an electric lamp that produces light by heating a thin piece of wire to a very high temperature
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| kilowatt-hour | the unit used by electric companies to charge for electricity
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| Ohm’s law | current (amperage) in a conductor is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; V
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| parallel circuit | a circuit with loads arranged in separate branches of the circuit so that the current is divided among them
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| semiconductors | materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators
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| short circuit | occurs when electricity is given the opportunity to take a “short cut” through a circuit, avoiding the load
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| superconductor | a material that allows electric current to flow through it with not resistance at all
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| switch | device used to manually open or close a circuit
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| two types of electric current | direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)
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| advantages of integrated circuits over separate circuit components | integrated circuits are much cheaper to manufacture; integrated circuits are much more reliable; integrated circuits are extremely small
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| binary number system | a number system based on only two digits, 0 and 1
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| byte | a unit of information equal to eight bits
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| capacitor | modern device used to store electrical charges
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| cathode-ray tube | a type of vacuum tube designed so that the stream of electrons (“cathode rays”) misses the anode and strikes the end of the glass tube, which is coated with a fluorescent material; the basis of the picture tube
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| diode | two-electrode vacuum tube that allows current to flow through it in one directions by not the other
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| doping | the process of replacing some of the atoms of a semiconductor with atoms of another element in order to increase the conductivity of the semiconductor
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| electronics | a branch of study of electricity that deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or in special materials
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| electroscope | simple device that uses the laws of electrostatics to detect small electric charges
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| hardware | the actual physical components of a computer
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| integrated circuit | piece of semiconductor containing an entire electronic circuit
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| laser | device that produces intense, coherent beams of monochromatic light by stimulated emission
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| mainframe | large computer specifically designed to store and retrieve vast amounts of information
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| microprocessor | a single integrated circuit chip containing a complete central processing unit of a computer
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| personal computer | small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for home and business use
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| photovoltaic cells | semiconductor device that produces electric current when light strikes its surface
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| p-type semiconductor | a semiconductor that contains many “holes” (missing electrons) in its crystal lattice
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| robot | versatile, computer-directed machine capable of being programmed to perform different tasks
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| supercomputer | the most powerful type of computer, originally developed for military and scientific research
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| transistor | semiconductor device that can perform the same functions of a vacuum-tube triode, such as acting as a “switch” and amplifying weak signals
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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