CH49 The Immune System in Animals
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| define Innate immunity. | Innate immunity refers to immune system cells that are ready to respond to foreign invaders at all times
🗑
|
||||
| which immune system responds in the same way to all antigens? | The innate immune system, which is nonspecific
🗑
|
||||
| What is an antigen and what is its role in immunity? | An antigen is any foreign molecule that can initiate an immune response.
🗑
|
||||
| define acquired immunity | the part of the immune system that involves cells that require activation
🗑
|
||||
| what is the most important barrier to pathogen entry and by what means does it work? | most important barrier to pathogen entry is the skin, which presents both a physical and chemical barrier
🗑
|
||||
| List the 3 Defese Lines in our immune system. | I. innate & nonspecific (skin, WBC); II. acquired & specific (lymphocytes)
🗑
|
||||
| people with UTIs have acidic or basic urine? | basic due to the enzyme urease, which breaks down urine to basic ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| how does skin work as a defense line? | surface is acidic (helps kill bacteria); secretes LYSOZYME (saliva, sweat, tears) that breaks bacterial cell walls
🗑
|
||||
| what does NONSPECIFIC mean? | a variety of bacteria can be killed
🗑
|
||||
| what types of cells are involved in INNATE IMMUNITY? | macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells (which are types of leukocytes - WBCs)
🗑
|
||||
| what part of the innate immune system reaction is at the wound/infection site within minutes? | neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| neutrophils comprise ___% of your total WBC | 50-90%
🗑
|
||||
| all WBC are manufactured where? | in the bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| compare the functions of macrophages MONOCYTES and HISTIOCYTES. | monocytes leave blood and become MACROPHAGES at the infection site. Histiocytes are programmed to be resident in certain places.
🗑
|
||||
| list 3 types/locations of HISTIOCYTES. | LANGERHANS - skin; KUPFER - liver; ALVEOLAR - lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the ratio of T-helper to T-regulator cells in a healthy person vs a person with AIDS. | healthy people have 2-3x more TH than TR cells; it's reversed in AIDS patients.
🗑
|
||||
| how do MAST CELLS work in the immune response? | mast cells release histamine, which enlarge blood vessels for the purpose of increasing blood flow to the wound site. Antihistimine medications shrink your vessels so that you can breathe better.
🗑
|
||||
| what are the components of ACQUIRED IMMUNITY, which is SPECIFIC?? | lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) - 35% of immunte system cells.
🗑
|
||||
| what do B-cells do? | make antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
🗑
|
||||
| what do T cells do? | they do NOT make antibodies. responsible for cell-mediated immunity (kill your own infected cells. They kill both cells that the B cells have recognized and can recognize infected cells themselves)
🗑
|
||||
| list the 4 Types of T-cells: TC (cytotoxic); NK (natural killer); TH (T helper), TR (T regulator) |
🗑
|
||||
| define ALLERGEN. | an ALLERGEN elicits an immune response, aka an allergic reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory Response: what cells are made in bone marrow and mature to become PLATELETS? | MEGAKARYOCYTES
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory Response: these are very small protein molecules released from both platelets and the damaged tissues that act as a signal to attract the neutrophils to the wound site. | CHEMOKINES
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory Response:what do MAST CELLS do? | mast cells: release histamines that constrict blood vessels at the wound, but dilate blood vessels near the wound to enable neutrophils to arrive.
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory Response: define RUBER, CALOR, DOLOR: | Ruber=redness of blood flow @ wound site; Calor=heat at wound site; Dolor=pain due to stimulated nerve endings @ wound site
🗑
|
||||
| These hormones relax smooth muscle cells in the BV wall. | BRADYKININ, PROSTAGLANDIN
🗑
|
||||
| which cells remove pathogens by PHAGOCYTOSIS (engulf and digesting foreign particles)? | NEUTROPHILS and MACROPHAGES
🗑
|
||||
| what do MACROPHAGES secrete? | CYTOKINES
🗑
|
||||
| what is PUS made of? | dead neutrophils, macrophages and bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| recite the 4 key characteristics of acquired immune response. | SPECIFICITY, DIVERSITY, MEMORY and SELF/NONSELF RECOGNITION
🗑
|
||||
| what causes autoimmune diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and Lupus? | failure of the acquired immune system to recognize SELF vs NONSELF.
🗑
|
||||
| which proteins are involved in organ rejection? | MHC and HLA
🗑
|
||||
| the precursor to erythrocytes | erythroblasts, which have DNA
🗑
|
||||
| list the Blood cell surface proteins (antigens): | A, B, O antigens and Rh Factor
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the test blood recipients get and why? | the Antibody Screen, to see what blood types they can safely receive. people who are blood type A will have Anti-B, blood type B will have Anti-A, blood type O will have both Anti-A and Anti-B, and blood type AB will have neither
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
boborii