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Cell Organelles and their Functions (Detailed)

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Question
Answer
Nucleus   Contains DNA. Enclosed by double membrane that contains pores. Helps regulate cell's activities. Continuous with ER.  
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Chromatin   Material consisting of DNA and proteins. Visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.  
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Nucleolus   Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. A nucleus has one or more nucleoli.  
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Ribosomes   Protein factories. Complexes made up of rRNA and protein which are either suspended in the cytosol (free) ar attached to the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope.  
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Bound ribosomes   generally make proteins destined for insertion into membranes, used in lysosomes or for export outside the cell.  
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Free ribosomes   Make proteins that function in the cytosol mostly.  
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Endoplasmic Reticulum   Membrane network (cisternae). Continuous with nuclear membrane. Involved in protein synthesis.  
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Rough ER   ER+ ribosomes. Makes secretory proteins  
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Smooth ER   Has no ribosomes and looks more tubular. It is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs/poison and stores calcium ions.  
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Golgi Apparatus   Modifies and secretes macromolecules. 'cis' is the recieving face and 'trans' is the shipping face.  
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Lysosomes   Vesicles (mambrane bags) containign hydrolytic enzymes that break things down (hydrolyse). Break down old or damaged organelles.  
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Mitochondria   ATP synthesis. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Contains own ribosomes and own DNA.  
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Nucleus   Contains DNA. Enclosed by double membrane that contains pores. Helps regulate cell's activities. Continuous with ER.  
🗑
Chromatin   Material consisting of DNA and proteins. Visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.  
🗑
Nucleolus   Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. A nucleus has one or more nucleoli.  
🗑
Ribosomes   Protein factories. Complexes made up of rRNA and protein which are either suspended in the cytosol (free) ar attached to the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope.  
🗑
Bound ribosomes   generally make proteins destined for insertion into membranes, used in lysosomes or for export outside the cell.  
🗑
Free ribosomes   Make proteins that function in the cytosol mostly.  
🗑
Endoplasmic Reticulum   Membrane network (cisternae). Continuous with nuclear membrane. Involved in protein synthesis.  
🗑
Rough ER   ER+ ribosomes. Makes secretory proteins  
🗑
Smooth ER   Has no ribosomes and looks more tubular. It is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs/poison and stores calcium ions.  
🗑
Golgi Apparatus   Modifies and secretes macromolecules. 'cis' is the recieving face and 'trans' is the shipping face.  
🗑
Lysosomes   Vesicles (mambrane bags) containign hydrolytic enzymes that break things down (hydrolyse). Break down old or damaged organelles.  
🗑
Mitochondria   ATP synthesis. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Contains own ribosomes and own DNA.  
🗑


   

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