Cell Organelles and their Functions (Detailed)
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| Nucleus | Contains DNA. Enclosed by double membrane that contains pores. Helps regulate cell's activities. Continuous with ER.
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| Chromatin | Material consisting of DNA and proteins. Visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.
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| Nucleolus | Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. A nucleus has one or more nucleoli.
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| Ribosomes | Protein factories. Complexes made up of rRNA and protein which are either suspended in the cytosol (free) ar attached to the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope.
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| Bound ribosomes | generally make proteins destined for insertion into membranes, used in lysosomes or for export outside the cell.
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| Free ribosomes | Make proteins that function in the cytosol mostly.
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Membrane network (cisternae). Continuous with nuclear membrane. Involved in protein synthesis.
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| Rough ER | ER+ ribosomes. Makes secretory proteins
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| Smooth ER | Has no ribosomes and looks more tubular. It is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs/poison and stores calcium ions.
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| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies and secretes macromolecules. 'cis' is the recieving face and 'trans' is the shipping face.
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| Lysosomes | Vesicles (mambrane bags) containign hydrolytic enzymes that break things down (hydrolyse). Break down old or damaged organelles.
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| Mitochondria | ATP synthesis. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Contains own ribosomes and own DNA.
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| Nucleus | Contains DNA. Enclosed by double membrane that contains pores. Helps regulate cell's activities. Continuous with ER.
🗑
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| Chromatin | Material consisting of DNA and proteins. Visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.
🗑
|
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| Nucleolus | Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. A nucleus has one or more nucleoli.
🗑
|
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| Ribosomes | Protein factories. Complexes made up of rRNA and protein which are either suspended in the cytosol (free) ar attached to the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope.
🗑
|
||||
| Bound ribosomes | generally make proteins destined for insertion into membranes, used in lysosomes or for export outside the cell.
🗑
|
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| Free ribosomes | Make proteins that function in the cytosol mostly.
🗑
|
||||
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Membrane network (cisternae). Continuous with nuclear membrane. Involved in protein synthesis.
🗑
|
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| Rough ER | ER+ ribosomes. Makes secretory proteins
🗑
|
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| Smooth ER | Has no ribosomes and looks more tubular. It is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs/poison and stores calcium ions.
🗑
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| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies and secretes macromolecules. 'cis' is the recieving face and 'trans' is the shipping face.
🗑
|
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| Lysosomes | Vesicles (mambrane bags) containign hydrolytic enzymes that break things down (hydrolyse). Break down old or damaged organelles.
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| Mitochondria | ATP synthesis. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Contains own ribosomes and own DNA.
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