Pharm Final - Drug Side Effects
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| Adverse effects of Beta-blockers | Impotence, asthma, cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, CHF, AV block) and CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations)
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| Adverse effects of Captopril/Enalapril/Fosinopril | Hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash and increased renin
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| Adverse effects of Clonidine | Dry mouth, sedation and severe rebound hypertension
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| Adverse effects of Diazoxide | Hyperglycemia (reduces insulin release, hypotension)
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| Adverse effects of Guanethidine | Orthostatic and exercise hypotension, dizziness and headache
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| Adverse effects of Hydrazaline | Nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina and salt retention
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| Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide | Hypokalemia, mild hyperlipidemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia
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| Adverse effects of Loop diuretics | Potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension and ototoxicity
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| Adverse effects of Losartan | Fetal renal toxicity and hyperkalemia
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| Adverse effects of Methyldopa | Sedation and positive Coombs' test
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| Adverse effects of Minoxidil | Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina and salt retention
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| Adverse effects of Nefedine and verapamil | Dizziness, flushinig, constipation (Verapamil), nausea and edema
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| Adverse effects of Nitroprusside | Cyanide toxicity (releases CN)
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| Adverse effects of Prazosin | 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness and headache
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| Adverse effects of Reserpine | Sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness and diarrhea
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| Antibiotics that are toxic in pregos | Sulfonamides (kernicterus), aminoglycosides (ototoxicity), fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, metronidazole, tetracyclines (discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth), ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol (gray baby) and clarithromycin
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| Factors that increase digoxin toxicity | Renal failure (decreased excretion), hypokalemia (digoxin competes with K+ at its binding site in Na+/K+ ATPase) and quinidine (decreased digoxin clearance).
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| P450 Inducers | Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John's wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin and Carbamazepine
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| P450 inhibitors | Sulfonamides, isoniazid, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice
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| SE: Acute cholestatic hepatitis (1) | Macrolides
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| SE: Agranulocytosis (5) | Clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole
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| SE: Angioedema (1) | ACE inhibitors (Captopril)
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| SE: Aplastic anemia (8) | Chloramphenicol ("like pouring chlorine down your femur"), benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole and alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, carmustine and cisplatin)
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| SE: Asthma (1) | Aspirin and other salicyclates
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| SE: Atropine-like (1) | Tricyclics
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| SE: Cholestasis (3) | Oral contraceptives, estrogen and anabolic steroids
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| SE: Cinchonism (2) | Quinidine and quinine
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| SE: Coronary vasospasm (2) | Cocaine and sumatriptan
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| SE: Cough (1) | ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Lisinopril) - Note: ARBs like Losartan do not have a cough side effect
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| SE: Cutaneous flushing (4) | Niacin, calcium channel blockers, adenosine and vancomycin
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| SE: Diabetes insipidus (2) | Lithium and demeclocycline
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| SE: Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy (3) | Doxorubicin, daunorubicin and cocaine
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| SE: Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia (1) | Methyldopa
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| SE: Disulfiram-like reaction (4) | Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine and 1st-generation sulfonylureas
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| SE: Fanconi's syndromes | Expired tetracycline
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| SE: Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4) | Halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen (most common), Amanita phalloides, salicylates and iron
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| SE: Gingival hyperplasia (1) | Phenytoin
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| SE: Gout (2) | Furosemide and thiazides
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| SE: Gray baby syndrome (1) | Chloramphenicol
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| SE: Gynecomastia | Spirinolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, chronic Alcohol use, estrogens, Ketoconazole (Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers)
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| SE: Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6) | Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin (hemolysis IS PAIN)
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| SE: Hemolytic anemia (3) | Penicillin, methyldopa and quinidine
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| SE: Hemorrhagic cystitis (2) | Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (prevent by coadministrating with mesna)
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| SE: Hemorrhagic gastritis (2) | Iron and salicylates (Aspirin)
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| SE: Hepatic adenoma (1) | Oral contraceptives
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| SE: Hepatic fatty changes (3) | Amiodarone, tetracycline and methotrexate
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| SE: Hepatitis (1) | Isoniazid (INH)
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| SE: Hot flashes (2) | Tamoxifen and clomiphen
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| SE: Interstitial nephritis (3) | Methicillin, NSAIDs and furosemide
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| SE: Maculopapular rash (1) | Penicillin
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| SE: Megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia (5) | Phenytoin, Methotrexate (most common) and Sulfa drugs (having a BLAST with PMS) - also with oral contraceptives and 5-fluorouracil
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| SE: Nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity | Polymyxins
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| SE: Nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity | Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin), vancomycin, loop diuretics and cisplatin
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| SE: Osteoporosis (2) | Corticosteroids and heparin
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| SE: Parkinson-like syndrome (4) | Haloperidol, chlorpromazine, reserpine and metoclopramide
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| Se: Photosensitivity (3) | Sulfonamides, Amiodarone and Tetracycline (most common) (SAT for a photo)
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| SE: Platelet dysfunction (2) | Aspirin and other NSAIDs
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| SE: Pseudomembranous colitis (2) | Clindamycin and ampicillin
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| SE: Pulmonary (interstitial) fibrosis (4) | Bleomycin (most likely to cause), bulsulfan, amiodarone, methotrexate and nitrofurantoin
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| SE: Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) (8) | Ethosuximide, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sulfa drugs, penicillin and allopurinol
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| SE: Seizures (3) | Bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin and isoniazid
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| SE: SLE-like syndrome (4) | Hydrazaline, INH, Procainamide and Phenytoin (it's not HIPP to have lupus)
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| SE: Tardive dyskinesia | Antipsychotics
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| SE: Tendonitis, tendon rupture and cartilage damage (kids) | Fluoroquinolones (hurts attachments to your bones)
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| SE: Thrombocytopenia | Heparin (most common) and quinidine
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| SE: Thrombotic complications (2) | OCPs (estrogens and progestins)
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| SE: Tinnitus and vertigo (1) | Salicylates
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| SE: Torsades de pointes (3) | Sotalol (class 3) and quinidine (class 1) antiarrhythmics and cispride
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| SE: Urticaria (1) | Penicillin
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| SE:Adrenocortial insufficiency (1) | Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) withdrawal (HPA suppression)
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| SEs of 5-fluoruracil | Myelosupression, which is NOT reversible with leucovorin, and photosensitivity
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| SEs of Azathioprine | Bone marrow suppression. Active metabolite mercaptopurine is metabolized by xanthine oxidase; thus, toxic effects may be increased by allopurinol.
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| SEs of Bleomycin | Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, but minimal myelosupression
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| SEs of Carmustine | CNS toxicity (dizziness, ataxia)
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| SEs of Cisplatin and Carboplatin | Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage
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| SEs of Clomiphene | Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies and visual disturbances
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| SEs of Cyclophosphamide | Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis (can be partially prevented with Mesna)
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| SEs of Cyclosporine | Nephrotoxic preventable with mannitol
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| SEs of Cytarabine | Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and megaloblastic anemia
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| SEs of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin | Cardiotoxicity, myelosupression and marked alopecia
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| SEs of Estrogens | Increased risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding in postmenopausal and increased risk of thrombi
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| SEs of Imatinib | Fluid retention
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| SEs of Imipenem | GI distress, skin rash and CNS toxicity (seizure) at high plasma levels
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| SEs of Leuprolide | Antiandrogen, nausea and vomiting
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| SEs of Macrolides | GI discomfort (most common cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia and skin rashes
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| SEs of Methotrexate | Myelosuppression (reversible with leucovorin rescue), macrovesicular fatty change in the liver and mucositis
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| SEs of Mifepristone | Heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) and abdominal pain
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| SEs of OKT3 | Cytokine release syndrome and hypersensitivity reaction
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| SEs of Paclitaxel | Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity
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| SEs of Prednisone | Cushing-like symptoms; immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia and psychosis
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| SEs of Sildenafil | Headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision; risk of life-threatening hypotension in patients taking NITRATES
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| SEs of Sirolimus | Hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia
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| SEs of Tacrolimus | Nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, pleural effusion and hyperglycemia
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| SEs of Tamoxifen | May increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma via partial agonist effects; "hot flashes"
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| SEs of Trastuzumab | Cardiotoxicity
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| SEs of Trimethoprim (TMP) | Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia and granulocytopenia
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| SEs of Vincristine | Neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis), paralytic ileus
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| Sulfa drugs | Celecoxib, furosemide, probenecid, thiazides, TMP-SMX, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas and sumatriptan
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| Symptoms of sulfa drug allergies | Fever, pruritic rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and urticaria (hives)
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