Block 3 Kinetics Definitions
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| Oscillating reaction | Product appears as a series of bursts and concentrations of intermediates rise and fall periodically with time
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| Explosions occur because | Concentration of intermediates increases rapidly as reaction proceeds.
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| Competing/parallel reactions | Lead to different products from the same reactants
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| Michalis and Menten Mechanism | A substrate (reactant) and enzyme react reversibly to form a short-lived enzyme-substrate complex; in the slow step this complex then breaks down to form the product plus enzyme again.
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| Catalysts | Substance that speeds up a reaction without istelf being consumed in the overall process
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| Homogenous Catalyst | Catalyst which works in the same phase as the reaction itself
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| Heterogenous Catalyst | Catalyst which operates in a different phase to the reaction
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| Rate determining step | slowest step in a reaction mechanism
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| Reactive Intermediates | shortlived relative species that appear in one step and react in a later step in the reaction mechanism
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| Reaction Mechanism | Sequence of elementary reactions leading to overall reaction
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| Transition state | (in elementary reaction) is the point of highest energy between reactants and products
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| Elementary reaction | Step where molecules collide. Order of elementary reaction is given by the stoichiometery of the reaction.
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| Collision Theory | Assumes molecules react by breaking and making bonds. Reacting molecules must meet of collide with sufficient energy and in correct orientation
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| Half-life | Time for the concentration of reactant to fall to 1/2 its initial value.
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| Rate law | Relationship between rate and concentration. Proportional in 1st order and proportional to the square in second order.
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| Rate | Change in concentration per unit time
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