Bowel Elimination
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constipation | include infrequent bowel movements, difficult evacuation of feces, inability to defecate at will, and hard feces.
🗑
|
||||
| Fecal impaction | It is a collection of hardened feces, wedged in the rectum that cannot be expelled.
🗑
|
||||
| ________ is a symptom, not a disease. | Constipation
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea | Is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces.
🗑
|
||||
| Anorexia Nervosa | Characterized by self-imposed weight loss, endocrine dysfunction, and a distorted psychopathologic attitude toward weight and eating.
🗑
|
||||
| What factors affect normal bowel elimination? | Age, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and liver
🗑
|
||||
| How does age affect normal bowel elimination? | Systemic changes occur in the function of digestion and absorption of nutrients in older adults.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the mouth affect normal bowel elimination? | decreased chewing and decreased salivation, including oral dryness.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the esophagus affect normal bowel elimination? | Reduced mobility.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the stomach affect normal bowel elimination? | Decrease in acid secretions; motor activity; mucosal thickness
🗑
|
||||
| How does a decrease in motor activity affect normal bowel elimination? | delayed gastric emptying
🗑
|
||||
| How does mucosal thickness affect normal bowel elimination? | loss of parietal cells leads to loss of intrinsic factor, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the small intestine affect normal bowel elimination? | Decreased nutrient absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the large intestine affect normal bowel elimination? | Increase in pouches on the weakened intestinal wall called diverticulosis; constipation.
🗑
|
||||
| Diverticulosis | pouches that bulge from the large intestine wall
🗑
|
||||
| How does the liver affect normal bowel elimination? | reduces in size; reduced storage capacity and ability to synthesized proteins and metabolized medications.
🗑
|
||||
| Why is fluid intake important? | Reduced fluid intake slows the passage of food through the intestine and can result in hardening of stool content.
🗑
|
||||
| How much fluid intake should a normal adult have? | An adult should drink at least six to eight glasses (1400 to 2000 mL) of non-caffeinated fluid per day.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the role of fiber? | Fiber provides the bulk of fecal material. Bulk-forming foods such as, grains, fruits and vegetables, absorbs fluids and increase stool mass.
🗑
|
||||
| What types of foods are going to stimulate peristalsis? | Gas-producing foods such as, onions, cauliflower, and beans.
🗑
|
||||
| How does physical activity effect peristalsis? | Physical activity promotes peristalsis; immobilization depresses peristalsis.
🗑
|
||||
| How can prolonged stress affect peristalsis? | The digestive process is accelerated, and peristalsis is increased. Side effects of increased peristalsis are diarrhea, and gaseous distention.
🗑
|
||||
| If a person is experiencing pain during defecation, is the considered normal? | no, and if the person avoids defecation then constipation may be the end result.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some conditions that make defecating painful? | hemorrhoids, rectal surgery, rectal fistulas and abdominal surgery.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some effects of surgery on peristalsis? | Any surgery that involves direct manipulation of the bowel temporarily stops peristalsis, Inhaled anesthetic agents block parasympathetic impulses to the intestinal musculature. The anesthetic’s action slows or stops peristaltic waves.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Narcotic Analgesics | Suppresses peristalsis and can decrease gastric emptying.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Anticholinergic Drugs | Inhibits gastric acid secretion and depresses gastrointestinal mobility.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Antibiotics | May produce diarrhea by disrupting the normal bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) | Causes gastrointestinal irritation that increases the incident of bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Aspirin | It can interfere with the formation and production of protective mucus and causes gastrointestinal bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Histamine (H2) Antagonists | Suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid and interferes with the digestion of some foods.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Iron | Can cause discoloration of the stool (black) and can lead to constipation.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Bulk forming laxative | Agents stretch intestinal wall to stimulate peristalsis.
🗑
|
||||
| How does this drug affect the digestive system? Emollient or Wetting | Stool softeners that lower surface tension of feces, allowing water and fat to penetrate.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the bulk forming laxative? | Psyllium (Metamucil)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the emollient or wetting laxative? | Docusate sodium (Colace, Disonate); Docusate calcium (Surfak); Docusate potassium (Dialose)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the drug of choice for chronic constipation? | Metamucil (bulk forming laxative)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the drug of choice for short-term therapy use to relieve straining on defecation? | docusate sodium (emollient or wetting laxative)
🗑
|
||||
| What is a key point to keep in mind when using a bulk-forming laxative? | Agents can cause obstruction if agent not mixed with at least 240 mL of water or juice or swallowed quickly.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a key point to keep in mind when using an emollient or wetting laxative? | this drug is of little value for treating chronic constipation.
🗑
|
||||
|
🗑
|
|||||
| What is the name of the saline laxatives? | Magnesium citrate or Citrate of Magnesium (Citroma); Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesium); Sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-Soda; Fleet Enema)
🗑
|
||||
| How do saline laxatives work? | Osmotic effect increases pressure in bowel to act as a stimulant for peristalsis.
🗑
|
||||
| When would you use a saline laxative? | Agents used only for acute emptying of bowel.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the key points of saline laxatives? | Agents are not used for long-term management of constipation.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the stimulant cathartics? | Bisacodyl (Ducolax)
🗑
|
||||
| How do the stimulant cathartics work? | Agents irritate intestinal mucosa to increase mobility.
🗑
|
||||
| When would you use a stimulant cathartics? | Agents may be used to prepare bowel for diagnostic procedures.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the key point of the stimulant cathartics? | Agents may cause severe cramping; agents are not used for long-term use.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of a lubricant? | Mineral oil (Haley’s M-O)
🗑
|
||||
| How does a lubricant work? | Agents coat fecal contents, allowing easier passage of stool.
🗑
|
||||
| When would you use a lubricant? | Agents used to prevent straining on defecation.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the key point of using a lubricant? | Mineral oil when taken with emollients can increase risk for fat emboli.
🗑
|
||||
| What are common causes of constipation? | Irregular bowels,ignoring the urge to defecate,Chronic illnesses,Low-fiber diet, lack of exercise,Heavy laxative use, Older adults experience slowed peristalsis, loss of abdominal muscle elasticity,reduced intestinal mucus,Neurological conditions
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
1st semester student