patho chap 2 terms

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Term

Definition

acid

...a substance that releases hydrogen ions

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amino acid

...monomers composed in protein

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anion

...a negatively charged ion

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aqueous

...pertaining to water; a substance in which water is the solvent

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atom

smallest subunits of elements

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base

...a substance that releases hydroxide ions and accepts hydrogen ions

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buffer

...chemicals that prevent sharp changes in H+ concentration

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carbohydrate

...simple sugars

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catalyst

...substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction

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cation

...an ion that is positively charged

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chemistry

the science that deals with the composition and properties of matter

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colloid

... heterogeneous mixture in which suspended particles do not dissolve but remain evenly distributed based on the small size

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compound

...substance composed of two or more chemical elements

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denaturation

...changes in structure of a protein so that it can no longer function

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electrolyte

...compounds that separate into ions in solution

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electron

negatively charged particle, orbit in energy levels around the nucleus and determines atom's chemical reactivity

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element

...one of the substance from which all matter is made

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enzyme

...proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions

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glucose

...a simple sugar

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glycogen

...a storage form of glucose that is found in liver and muscle cells

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ion

...an atom or molecule with an electrical charge

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isotope

...forms an element that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight

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lipid

...fats- type of organic compound that is not soluble in water

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molecule

...chemicals composed of two or more atoms held together with covalent bonds

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nucleotide

...composed of a nitrogen base, a sugar, a phosphate group. Building blocks of DNA and RNA. One type is a component ATP

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neutron

noncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom

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...measures the relative concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in solutions

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protein

...organic compound made of amino acids; contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (some contain sulfur or phosphorus)

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proton

positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

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radioactive

...emission of atomic particles from an isotope

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salt

...a substance formed by a reaction between an acid and a base

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solute

...substance that is dissolved into another substance

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solution

...homogeneous mixture formed when one substance (solute) dissolves into another(solvent)

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solvent

...substance in which another substance is dissolved

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steroid

...lipids that contain rings of carbon atoms

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substrate

...substance on which an enzyme works

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suspension

...heterogeneous mixture that will separate unless shaken

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valence

...the number of bonds an atom needs to fill its outermost energy level

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