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| materials presented here were used to carry out a technique called ___ allowing students to transfer a pattern of bacterial colonies from one plate to many other plates | replica plating
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| Replica plating is easy to use and requ9ires less ___ tan would be needed if each colony was transferred individually and streaked onto a plate | time and materials
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| mannitol salt agar (MS) contains 7.5% NaCl and is selective for halophiles like __ and __ | Micrococcus and Staphylococcus
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| MSA contains phenol red and allows differentation of bacteria of their abbility to ferment __ | mannitol
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| organisms that can ferment mannitol and form acid will turn medium | yellow
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| organisms that cannot ferment mannitol turn the medium | no color change, it will remain red
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| Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey agar are __ media because the promote the growht of Gram - bacteria while inhibiting the growth of other organisms | selective media
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| Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey agar are also ___ as they cause fermentative organisms of form colonies that look diff then those of non fermentative | differential
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| the carbohydrate in the Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey media is | lactose
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| lactose fermenting colonies will be what color on Mac vs T-7 | pink on Mac and yellow on T-7
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| Non fermenting forms will be what color on MAC vs T-7 | pale tan or yellowish on MAC and blue on T-7
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| whya re viable cells the only ones that can be counted | only viable cells are capable of growing into colonies that can be seen and counted. Individual cells can't be seen with naked eyes (alive or dead)
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| microorganisms that require O2 to grow are obligately aerobic and use a ___ type metabolism | respiratory
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| tubes with repiratory organisms will be what color (also in Durham tube) | green under vaspar seal and inside Durham tube
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| Tues containing fermentative organisms will be what color | yellow
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| yellow color toward top of unseald tube is doe to the production of | aerobic acid
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| organisms able to ferment the carbohydrate will be what color and due to what | yellow color due to acid production
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| what evidence is visible withing the fermetative tube | gas producion (split, bubbles or cracks in medium)
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| organisms not capbale of germenting the carbohydrate will be what color using peptone in medium | no color change , mediym will remain red
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| tubes contain glucose and a buffer tend to inhibit pH change. The pH indicator used is __ and is added to culture after 48H of incubation | methyl red
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| organisms that are capable of producing large amounts of __ test positive as they overcome the effects of the buffer | acid
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| tube containing organisms not capable of acid production will be what color when methyl red indicator is added | yellow
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| tube containing organisms capable of acid production will turn __ when methyl red indicator is added | red
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| TSI can me used to demonstrate the ability of certain bacteria to catabolize __ that contain sulfur | amino acid
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| Organisms able to catabolize amino acid that contain sulfur will produce a gaseouse end product called | hydrogen sulfide
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| hydrogen sulfide will bind with iron in the media and form a precipitate called | iron sulfide
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| organism that the can form iron sulfide the tubes are what color | black
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| SIM media can be used to determine if bacteria are capable of H2S production, indole production and __ | motility
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| Kovac's reagent was added to SIM to determine if that bacteria could catabolize ___ to form indole | tryptophan (amino acid)
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| tubbes used to determin if bacteria could ___ (remove a COOH- group from the amino acid lysine | decarboxylate
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| Bacteria that can decarboxylate lysine will form CO2 and ___ | amine (cadaverine)
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| bacteria that are capable of producing cadaverine will color tubes | yellow in control and lysine tube is purple
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| bacteria not capable of producing cadaverine will color tubes | both tubes are yellow
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| 2 reasons a vaspar seal was used in the amino acid tubes with lysine and the control | the vaspar seal is applied to create an anaerobic environment and to ensure glucose fermentation and the seal also keeps volatile amines inside
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| to determine if bacteria form urease and enzyme that can be used to convert urea into __ | ammonia
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| ___ tes is used to determine if bacteria are able to form an enzyme called cytochrome C | oxidase test
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| this enzyme is associated with the electron transport chain and was used in the oxidase test | cytochrome C
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| tubes containing coagulated (solidified) plasma were inoculated with organisms capable of forming | coagulase enzymes
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| tubes containing liquid plasma had organisms incapable of forming | coagulase enzymes
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| catalase test was used to distinguish between various types of | Gram positive cocci
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| The reagent used to conduct a catalase test is | hydrogen peroxide 3%
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| a positive catalase reaction is indicated by the formation of | bubbles
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| ___ is an enzyme formed by huperthermophilic bacteria called Thermus aquaticus | Taq polymerase
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| __ is a method that is used to amplify segments of DNA in vitro | PCR plymerase chain reaction
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| bacteria that produce thermostable DNA polymerase enzymes were originallly found | yellowstone national park
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| why is it important that the enzymes used in the PCR be thermostable | enzymes not stable at high temps would be denatured by the PCR treatment
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| small sengments of DNA that are used for PCR and bind to single stranded DNA are called | oligonuclotide primers
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| ___ provide the free 3' end for DNA replication and they determine which region of the template DNA strand will be amplified | primers
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| we extrancted small extrachromosomal loops of DNA called ___ from JM83 andJM101 | plasmids
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| plasmids contain genes referred to as maker genes that code for resistance to | ampicillin (an antibiotic)
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| enzymes that can cut double stranded DNA by breaking phosphodiester bonds are called | restriction endonucleases
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| for digestion ex we used Escherichia coli strain RY13 called ___ | EcoRI
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| EcoRI cut double stranded DNA between G and A baring nucleotieds forming ___ or sticky ends | cohesive termini
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| and ezyme that prevents the digestion of DNA by adding methyl groups to certain bases are | modification enzymes (methylases)
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| RFLP means | restriction fragment lenght polymorphism
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| how are RFLP created | cutting DNA with restriction enzymes
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| You know the electrophoresis chamber is in the correct position if | wells are located at the end of the chamber farthest from the anode (positive electrode).
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| NCBI stands for | National Center for Biotechnology Information
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| BLAST was used for what | to identifiy the organisms that the nuclotides sequence came from
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