LOM Chapter 7 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| abscess | collection of pus
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| acetone | ketone body produced in abnormal ammounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells
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| albuminuria | protein in the urin
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| antidiurectic hormone | pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urine, preventing excess loss of water; also called vasopressin
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| anuria | suppression of urine formation by the kidney
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| arteriole | small artery
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| azotemia | excess of nitrogenous waate products in the blood; uremia
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine
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| bowman capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney
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| caliceal | pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber) in the central portion of the kidney
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| caliectasis | dilation or widening of a calyx; this occures when urine is backed up in the kidney as in hydronephrosis
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| calyx; calyces | cut-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney)
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| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids
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| cortex | outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
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| cortical | pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ)
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| creatinine | nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine
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| creatinine clearance test | measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
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| cystectomy | excision (removal) of the urinary bladder
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| cystoscopy | visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder
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| cystostomy | new opeing of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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| diabetes insipidus | abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland; patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and plydipsia (excessive thirst)
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| diabetes mellitus | abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas; this leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine)
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| diuresis | increased excretion of urine by the kidneys; a diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces
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| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-)
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| enuresis | bedwetting; literally, "in urine."
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| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production by bone marrow
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| essential hypertension | high blood pressure due to no apparent cause
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| filtration | process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material
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| glomerular | pertaining to a glomerulus
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney
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| glomerulus; glomeruli | tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney; as blood flows through each glomerulus, waste materials and other substances are filtered from the bloodstream
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| glycosuria | sugar in the urine
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| hemodialysis | removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning; blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes b4 sending the blood back into the body thru a vein
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| hilum | depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung; it is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ
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| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of excess backup of fluid (urine) in the kidney that lies between (interstitium) the nephron (functional units)
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| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the tissue in the kidney
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| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine; common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but can occur in any time the body begins to break down fatter tissue to provide energy as in starvation
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