Mrs. Yust/ Cell Cycle
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| cell cycle | The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
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| mitosis | The division of the cell nucleus and its contents.
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| cytokinesis | The process that divides the cell cytoplasm.
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| karyokinesis | (Mitosis) The nuclear membrane dissolves, 2 sets of DNA separate, new nuclear membranes form around each set of DNA separately, 2 nuclei form.
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| chromosome | One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.
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| histone | group of proteins that DNA wraps around.
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| chromatin | The DNA wrapped around the proteins.
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| chromatid | Half of an X chromosome
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| sister chromatid | 2 matching chromatids are sister chromatids
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| centrosome | The major microtubule organizing of a cell.
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| centriole | Smaller cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle-usually perpendicular paired.
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| spindle fiber | An assemblage of microtubules that orchestrates chromosome movements during eukaryotic cell division.
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| monad | Chromosome made up of one chromatid.
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| dyad | Chromosome made up of two sister chromatids.
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| metaphase plate | The equator of the cell (This is a place not a structure)
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| telomere | structure units at the end of DNA molecules.
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| prophase | Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane breaks down, nucleolus disappears, centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell, spindle fibers grow from centrioles and radiate towards the center of the cell.
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| metaphase | Spindle fibers attach centrioles to the centromere of each chromosome, Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.
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| anaphase | Spindle fibers begin to shorten which pulls the sister chromatids away from each other towards opposite ends of the cell (They separate to form individual chromatids)
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| telophase | A complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, nuclear membranes and nucleolus start to form, spindle fibers fall apart, chromosome begin to uncoil into chromatin.
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| growth factor | A broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division.
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| apoptosis | Programed cell death.
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| cancer | Uncontrolled cell division.
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| benign | A tumor where the cells remain close together.
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| malignant | A tumor where some of the cancer cells break away.
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| metastasize | When cancer cells break away from the tumor.
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| carcinogen | Substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer.
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