4th Grade Social Studies
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| Civil War | a war fought between people of the same country | ||||
| slavery | people working for other people without pay | ||||
| industrialist | people who start new industries | ||||
| steel | a strong metal product made by blasting cold air through melted iron | ||||
| aluminium | light weight metal products made from bauxite ore | ||||
| oil refining | processes in which oil is made into other products such as fuel | ||||
| air brakes | allowed one man to stop an entire train | ||||
| unions | a group of people who gather to improve their pay and working conditions | ||||
| strike | when workers who belong to a union agree to stop working | ||||
| disaster | when something happens that causes great destruction and distress | ||||
| Who fought in the American Civil War | The Northern States and the Southern States | ||||
| What were the Northern States fighting for? | Freedom of all people | ||||
| What were the Southern States fighting for? | The right to keep slaves | ||||
| Who was the only elected president from Pennsylvania? | James Buchanan | ||||
| Name 3 northern states | PA, NY, NJ, CT, MI, MA | ||||
| Name 3 Southern states | FL, GA, VA, NC, SC, | ||||
| Who helped free the slaves? | Lucretia Mott, Harriet Tubman | ||||
| What PA resources were needed during the Civil War? | railroads and farming | ||||
| what is the nickname of the Battle of Gettysburg? | The Bloodiest Battle | ||||
| How many days did the Battle of Gettysburg last? | 3 days in July 1863 | ||||
| Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? | The North - it was the turning point of the war | ||||
| What speech did President Lincoln give at Gettysburg? | The Gettysburg Address | ||||
| What was the Underground Railroad? | a network of houses, families, hiding places, escape roads who helped slaves escape to northern states or Canada | ||||
| When did the Industrial Revolution begin in PA | the time of the American Civil War | ||||
| What was the Industrial Revolution in PA called | The Age of Big Business | ||||
| Which PA city was the steel producing capital of the world? | Pittsburgh | ||||
| William Kelly and Henry Bessemer are credited with inventing what process? | turning iron to steel | ||||
| How did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? | He built steel factories | ||||
| How did Henry Clay Frick become a business partner of Carnegie? | He owned coke factories. Coke fueled the steel mills | ||||
| What is coke | a cheap fuel made from soft coal | ||||
| Who was the King of Oil? | John D. Rockefeller | ||||
| Charles Hall invented a newer cheaper way to make what metal product | aluminum | ||||
| What did George Westinghouse invent to make trains safer? | air brakes | ||||
| During the Age of Big Business which industries were based in Pittsburgh | Steel, Coke, Aluminum, Glass, oil refining | ||||
| Name 3 problems with working conditions | dirty, dangerous, low pay, long shifts, 7 days per week, high food prices | ||||
| From where did immigrants come to PA? | Europe and African Americans from our southern states | ||||
| Heinz | canned and jarred food - Pittsburgh | ||||
| Woolworth | 5 & dime stores | ||||
| Wanamaker | Department stores | ||||
| Green | ice cream soda | ||||
| Clara Barton | founder of Red Cross | ||||
| Rockefeller | oil refining | ||||
| Carnegie | Steel production | ||||
| Frick | Coke factories | ||||
| Hall | Aluminum | ||||
| Westinghouse | Air brakes and safety lights for trains | ||||
| Kelly and Bessemer | process of making steel |
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Created by:
Ann Polites Czeponis
on 2009-03-31