UGA Prof. Barkan GEOG 1103 Cultural Geogrpahy Test 2
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| •Modernity | a particular configuration of knowledge, power, and social practice. Changes how cities are structured. Associated with Enlightenment and capitalism.
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| •Urban Hearth Areas | 6 are commonly referred to- Mesopotamia, Nile River Valley, Indus Valley, Haung Ho, Andean Region, and Meso America.
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| •Diffusion | Refers to a spatial process by which something moves from one place to another (trade, imperialism). A belief that cities are formed by diffusion of a larger urban hearth area.
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| •Urban Form or Morphology | Form is connected to cultural politics and materialistic issues. Cities can be created as defense systems or as a representation of Royal power.
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| •Primate City | Cities that dominate political, economic and cultural life within a territory. Examples
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| •Haussmanization of Paris/Creative Destruction | Haussman was city planner who had plan to redesign Paris. Use of creative destruction meant some areas of Paris destroyed in order to completely rebuild them. Changes included wider streets and radial bolulevards that lead to the Opera House--used as r
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| •The Grid | A spatial plan to represent laissez-faire economy and to promote capital accumulation
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| •Commodification | the producing of markets with land as the good which happened through state actions such as the Enclosure Acts. These acts displaced rural populations, forcing them into urban, industrialized areas with wage labor.
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| •The Commons and Enclosure | In feudal England the commons were areas that were available to all people for grazing and what have you, but in the 16th Century the Enclosure acts were done and those areas became privatized, led to commodification
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| •Uneven Development | the juxtapositions --the act of being placed or situated side by side.-of wealth and poverty not by coincidence but connected with the process of capitalist urbanization--i.e low wage workers required to produce wealth that funded construction in wealthi
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| •The Progressive Era | a social reform--which was transnational--a response of the middle class to the problems of industrialization, urbanization and immigration--concerned with rights of workers, immigrants and women
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| •City Beautiful Movement | urban planning movement of the business elite applied to the cities of the U.S. but mirrored the monumental architecture of Haussmann's Paris and Ringstrasse
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| •Chicago World’s Fair | A temporary palatial city that was designed by Daniel Burnham, the same guy who was part of the Chicago Beautiful Movement in 1909
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| •The Settlement Movement | Jane Addams participated in this movement by arguing that poverty was the cause of problems in the slums. She started the Hull House which provided worker education in mixed ethnic neighborhoods.
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| •Jacob Riis | "How The Other Half Lives" book that contained pictures and narratives based on life in the slums
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| •Pullman | A city designed by Pullman for the workers of the Pullman Rail Cars to live. The idea was that the workers wouldn't mind the pay inequalities because their housing was being provided, it also gave Pullman a way to control his workers even when they were
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| •Haymarket and Pullman Strikes | Both strikes were resistance by workers to the visions of the elites.
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| •Central Business District (CBD) | The area at the center of the Concentric Zone Model where the buisness are located
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| •Chicago School of Sociology | An implicit social theory. Society is constantly formed by the actions of people in specific settings, culturally. Aimed at resolving social problems in a down-to-earth and immediate way.Connected with progressive reform programs, including jane addams
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| •Urban Ecology and the Concentric Zone Model | differentiation and expansion; Zones characterized by different functions (Central business district, transition-border between central business and residential, ethnic enclaves, residential areas, etc). Some criticisms of the Concentric Zone Model incl
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| •Agglomeration | the inclusion of outer districts such as suburbs with a city or town..
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| •Restrictive Covenants and Redlining | Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as banking, insurance, access to jobs, access to health care,or even supermarkets to residents in certain, often racially determined,areas. . It describes the practice of markin
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| •Zoning | (Land regulation) the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another. zoning is used to prevent new development from interfering with existing residents or businesses and to preserve
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| •Regional Planning | Lewis Mumford & Patrick Geddes-- argued that national planning produced better places than the ad hoc decisions of laissez faire captialism--cities as ecological systems that could be improved by balancing multiple uses and interest (models
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| •Suburbanization and Sprawl | -- Suburb development occurred due to the economy's switch from industry to services -- cost to business and residents --promotion of the automobile and new construction on the edge of cities- Negatives
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| •Ecological Restoration (Wilson) | --argued that "restoration proposes new environmental ethics --and nurtures the appreciation of working landscapes"
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| •Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) | What the US Census declares the city area to be
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| •Multi-Nucleated Cities | -Cities have different sectors -concentric zone model diagram of a central business district surrounded by a zone of transition containing slums, followed by workers homes, surrounded by a residential zone and the commuters zone on the outside -Multi-
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| •LA School of Urbanization | Industrial production of dominant sector of the economy; wage relation coordinated by Big Business (corp), Big Labor (unions), and Big State (New Deal State); promoted consumption through high wages; inequality stabilized w/ industrial countries
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| •Postmodern Urbanization | ex. Las Vegas; advertising
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| •Fordism and Post-Fordism | LA schools insight on capitalist urbanization
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| - Fordism, Industrial production as dominant sector of economy / Post-Fordism, Service dominant. |
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| - Fordism, Wage relation cooridinated by corporations and unions / Post-Fordism, Flexible wage relation due to part time and outsourced labor. |
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| - Fordism, Promote consumption through high wages / Post-Fordism, Increase in internationalization of divsion of labor. |
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| - Fordism, inequality only in industrialized countries / Post-Fordism, Growing inequality everywhere. |
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| •Technopoles | Areas of busisness that are removed from the Central Buisness District
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| •Militarization of Space | In LA, Davis, the increases secutiry systems. Neighborhoods became gated and closed to the public
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| •Polis and Oikos | Polis
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| •Rational-Critical Debate | Needed for a public sphere
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| •Consumerism/Consumption | don’t know
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| Globalization | Hall-"the process by which the relatively separate areas of the globe come to intersect in a single imaginary "space"
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| Space-time compression | Massey-- the relationship between space and time shrinking with newer technology --relative to where you are standing --- access to process--availability to technology.-Does not affect everyone the same way.
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| Space-time compression reason | -Some might be further away from others (spacially) if they do not have a means of communicating the same way as others.
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| power geometries | differences in movement and communication but also in control over the process of globalization **Massey concern in making policy that has a universal effect on the population but the size of that effect ranges differently for every culture, family or in
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| unity and difference | how things seemed to come into unity or mixed together like mcdonalds in china and sony in america cant distingish different cultures but yet you can see the major difference in cultures that dont have the technology to keep up with the mixed cultures
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| -Hybrids | Hall; culturally and ethically mixed; most western civilizations
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| -Diasporas | Hall; a new way to build a relationship b/t culture, place, and identity; can be thought of in a closed sense (dispersed, but maintaining links w/ traditional culture), or in an “open” sense (a scattering of people who will never return to their traditio
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