Lipids
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| Lauric | 12:0
medium-chain fatty acids
absorbed directly into bloodstream
found in palm & coconut oil
raise serum cholesterol levels
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| Myristic | 14:0
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| Palmitic | 16:0
saturated fatty acid
found in meats & dairy
raises serum cholesterol levels
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| Stearic | 18:0
saturated fatty acid
also found in meats
neutral or cholesterol lowering effect
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| Oleic | 18:1 omega 9
monounsaturated fatty acid
found in olive & peanut oils
lowers cholesterol without lowering HDL
part of “Mediteranian Diet”
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| Linoleic | 18:2 omega 6
essential polyunsaturated fatty acid
an w6 fatty acid
found in vegetable oils
lowers serum cholesterol
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| Linolenic | 18:3 omega 3
essential polyunsaturated fatty acid
an w3 fatty acid
also found in vegetable oils
lowers serum cholesterol
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| Arachidonic | 20:4 omega 6
w6 polyunsaturated fatty acid
made from linoleic acid
precursor to w6 eicosanoids
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| Eicosopentanoic (EPA) | 20:5 omega 3
w3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
made from linolenic acid (inefficiently)
found in cold water fish & canola oil
precursors to w3 eicosanoids
may decrease heart disease risk (see CC)
anti-inflammatory
DHA important for early
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| Docosahexanoic (DHA) | 22:6 omega 3
w3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
made from linolenic acid (inefficiently)
found in cold water fish & canola oil
precursors to w3 eicosanoids
may decrease heart disease risk (see CC)
anti-inflammatory
DHA important for early
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| Apo A | activates LCAT
involved in HDL binding to tissues
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| Apo C | activates lipoprotein lipase
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| Apo E | involved in binding of chylomicron and VLDL remnants and HDL to the liver AFTER removal of most TG
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| Apo B100 | involved in LDL binding to LDL receptor, also works with apo E in binding of IDL to LDL receptors
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| apos for Chylomicron | B48, E, A, C
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| apos for VLDL | B100, E, C
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| apos for LDL | B100
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| apos for HDL | A, C, E
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| lipoprotein lipase | in adipose + striated muscle, hydrolyzes TG and PL from chylomicrons and large VLDL
insulin increase activity
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| hepatic lipase | Liver, hydrolyzes TG and PL of small VLDL, IDL, and large HDL
insulin independant activity
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| Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) | Liver, esterifies cholesterol in HDL
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| Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT) | liver, spleen, adipose, and intestine, transfers CE from HDL to VLDL and LDL
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| chylomicron and VLDL | very low density lipoproteins w/ high concentrations of TG in core
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| LDL and HDL | more dense lipoproteins, high concentration of CE in core
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