infection control
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| microorganism | a small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye
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| nonpathogens | are beneficial in maintaining certain body processes
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| pathogens | germs
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| aerobic | require oxygen to live
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| anaerobic | live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen
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| Bacteria | simple, one celled organisms that multiply rapidly
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| How is bacteria classified | shape and arrangement
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| Cocci | are round or spherical in shape bacteria
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| Bacilli | rod shaped bacteria
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| Spirilla | bacterua that are spiral or corkscrew in shape
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| Protozoa | one celled animal like organisms often found in decayed materials. May ocntain flagella, which allow them to move freely
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| Fungi | simple, plant like organisms that live on organic matter.
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| Rickettsiae | parasitic microorganisms,which mean they can not live outside the cells of another living organisms
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| Viruses | reproduce inside another living cell, spread from human to human by blood and other body secretions
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| Helminths | multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
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| Endogenous | infection or disease originates within the body
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| Exogenous | means infection or disease originates outside the body
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| nosocomial | infection acquired by an individual in a helath care facility
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| Opportunistic infection | infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak
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| CHAIN OF INFECTION: | -Causative agent -Reservoir-Portal of exit-Mode of Transmission -Portal of Entry
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| Susceptible Host | a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak
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| Asepsis | defined as the absence of disease-producing mircoorganisms or pathogens
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| Sterile | means free from all organisms both pathogenic and non pathogenic
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| Contaminated | means that organisms and pathogens are present
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| Antispesis | prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms but are not effective against spores and viruses
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| Sterilization | a process that destroys all microorganisms
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| Autoclave | a piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies.
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| How long items remain sterile after being autoclaved | 30 days
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| Chemical disinfection | disinfection of tools and insturments using chemicals.
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| Ultrasonic tool | uses bubbles in a cleaning solution to remove dirt and debris prior to sterilizing.
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| Sterile | Free from all organisms.
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| Contaminated | organisms and pathogens are present.
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| Sterile field | an area to place sterile items. The 2-inch border is considered contaminated.
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| Drop technique | dropping a sterile item from it's package onto a sterile feild.
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| Mitten technique | a hand wrapped in a sterile wrap to pick up larger objects.
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| Transfer forceps | using forceps to transfer smaller items that can't be transfered with the mitten or drop technique.
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| Hand washing | a basic task required in any health occupation to reduce the spread of infection
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| Aseptic technique | a method followed to prevent the spread of germs or pathogens
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| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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| Hand washing should be done: | -arriving at & before leaving the facility -Before and after every patient contact -When the hands become contaminated -Gloves are torn or punctured -Before and after handling a specimen
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| Method for hand washing: | -Use soap-Use warm water -Friction to remove pathogens-Clean all surfaces of the hands-Fingertip pointed downwards-Use dry paper towel to turn on & off the faucet
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| HBV | Hepatitis B virus
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| HCV | Hepatitis C virus
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| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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| BBP | Bloodborne Pathogen
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| Who established the Bloodborne Pathogen Standards: | OSHA
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| BBP regulations: | -Develop a written exposure plan-ID all employees who have occupational exposure-Hepatitis B vaccine (provided for free)-PPE's (provided)-Clean worksite -Enforce rules-Post signs-Provide training
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| PPE | Personal protective equipment
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| Hand washing | a basic task required in any health occupation to reduce the spread of infection
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| Aseptic technique | a method followed to prevent the spread of germs or pathogens
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| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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| Hand washing should be done: | -arriving at & before leaving the facility -Before and after every patient contact -When the hands become contaminated -Gloves are torn or punctured -Before and after handling a specimen
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| Method for hand washing: | -Use soap-Use warm water -Friction to remove pathogens-Clean all surfaces of the hands-Fingertip pointed downwards-Use dry paper towel to turn on & off the faucet
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| HBV |
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| HCV | Hepatitis C virus
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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| Who established the Bloodborne Pathogen Standards: | OSHA
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| BBP regulations: | -Develop a written exposure plan-ID all employees who have occupational exposure-Hepatitis B vaccine (provided for free)-PPE's (provided)-Clean worksite -Enforce rules-Post signs-Provide training
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| PPE | Personal protective equipment
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| Standard Precautions | rules developed by the CDC to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials
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| autoclave | is a piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies
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| Communicable Disease | caused by a pathogenic organism that can be easily transmitted to others
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| epidemic | when a communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person
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| pandemic | outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area and affects a high population
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| clean | object does not contain disease- producing organisms
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| airborne precautions: | -pt. must be in private room with doors shut-air in the room must be released outdoors and filtered-each person who enters the room must wear respiratory protection or HEPA mask
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| droplet precautions | used on patients who are infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing
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| protective or reverse isolation | protects patients from organisms in the environment
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| precautions taken in reverse isolaton | -pt. placed in a room that has been disinfected-anyone entering the room must wear clean or sterile gowns, gloves, and masks-all equipment brought into the room are clean-special filters used to purify the air
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| Standard precautions for infection control: | -Wash Hands-Wear Gloves-Wear masks and eye protection/face shields-Wear gown-Patient-care equipment -Environmental control-Linen-Occupational Health and BBP -Pt placement
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| Waste and Linen disposal | placed in special infectious waste or bio-hazardous material bags
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| Gowns, masks and eye protection | Worn during any procedure that causes splashing or spraying of body fluids
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| Sharps | All neddles and sharp pbjects must be discarded in a leakproof/puncture-resistant sharps container
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| Spills and Splashes | Must be wiped up immediately w/ a disinfectant solution or swept up and placed in infectious waste container
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| Resuscitation Devices | mouth pieces should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
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