1.3 - The end of the First World War for Russia and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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| What was one big problem for Lenin when he came to rule Russia? Why? | The (First World) war. The Germans had invaded Russia and were threatening Petrograd.
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| What did Lenin do to solve the problem of the war and why? | A ceasefire was agreed with the Germans because Lenin needed peace at all costs.
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| How was a ceasefire agreed with the Germans? | Trotsky was set to negotiate terms. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed in March 1918.
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| What was an issue with the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?? | They were very harsh. Russia lost 26% of its population, 27% of its farmland and 74% of its iron ore and coal. The Ukraine, Russia's main source of grain, was also lost. Huge reparations were demanded.
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| What was the reaction to the peace with Germany in Russia? | It was very unpopular.
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| What was the assumption on which Lenin persuaded other Bolsheviks to accept the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? | That the other workers of other countries would rise up in communist revolt. International boundaries would be irrelevant when workers had control across Europe.
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| Why did Lenin's gamble with the treaty pay off? Was it for the reason he gave to the other Bolsheviks when persuading them to accept the treaty? | It was for a different reason. In the autumn of 1918, Germany was suddenly forced to retreat on the Western Front and the war ended in November 1918. German troops were withdrawn from Russia, and most of the treaty was meaningless.
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