Prentice Hall Chapter 2 Weather and Climate
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| electromagnetic waves | a form of energy that can travel through space.
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| radiation | The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
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| infrared radiation | a form of enery with wavelengths that are longer than visible light.
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| ultraviolet radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.
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| scattering | relection of light in all directions.
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| greenhouse effect | the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gaese that form a "blanket" around Earth.
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| thermal energy | the total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.
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| heat | the energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one.
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| conduction | the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another susbstance that it is touching.
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| convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid.
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| wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure.
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| anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed
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| wind-chill factor | increased cooling caused by the wind
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| local wind | winds that blow over short distances.
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| sea breeze | the flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land.
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| land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water
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| monsoon | sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons.
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| global wind | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances
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| Coriolis effect | the way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left.
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| latitude | the distance from the equator, measured in degrees.
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| jet stream | bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface
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| evaporation | the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor.
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| humidity | a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.
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| relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature.
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| psychrometer | An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer.
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| cumulus | Clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton.
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| condensation | the process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water.
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| stratus | clouds that form in flat layers
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| dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins.
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| cirrus | wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels, above about 6 kilometers.
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| precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface
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| rain gauge | an instrument that measures the amount of percipitation that has fallen to Earth's surface. An open-ended can topped by a collecting funnel and having a collecting tube and measuring scale inside.
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| drought | long periods of low precipitation - no rain, no snow, no hail, no sleet
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| temperature | the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.
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