Adventures in Japanese 3
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| ことわざ | proverb
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| 十人十[じゅうにんと]いろ | lit. "10 men 10 colors" (can be interpreted as "many men, many tastes")
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| かえるの子はかえる | lit. "a frog's child is a frog" (similar to "the apple doesn't fall far from the tree." Also can be interpreted as "parents should not expect more of their children than they themselves can achieve")
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| ねこにこばん | lit. "to give gold to a cat" (similar to "to cast pearls before swine")
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| さるも木からおちる | lit. "even monkeys fall from trees" (can be interpreted as "anyone can make a mistake")
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| 三日ぼうず | lit. "a monk for 3 days" (describes an unsteady and unreliable worker, or someone who is unable to stick with something)
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| ばかにつけるくすりはない | lit. "there is no medicine for stupidity; there is no cure for an idiot"
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| いしの上にも三年 | lit. "even a stone will get warm if you sit on it for 3 years" (can be interpreted as "any obstacle can be overcome with perseverance")
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| となりのはなはあかい | lit. "the flowers next door are red" (similar to "the grass is greener on the other side")
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| はなよりだんご | lit. "dumplings instead of flowers" (can be interpreted as "physical needs come before aesthetic ideals")
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| まけるがかち | lit. "a defeat is a win"
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| 海[うみ]よりふかい母のあい | lit. "a mother's love is deeper than the ocean"
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| ちりもつもれば山となる | lit. "even dust amassed will make a mountain"
(can be interpreted as "a large goal can be achieved through many small efforts")
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| 漢 | [カン] China (during Han Dynasty)
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| 字 | [ジ] character, writing
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| 姉 | [あね, ねえ] older sister
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| 妹 | [いもうと] younger sister
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| 兄 | [あに, に] older brother
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| 弟 | [おとうと] younger brother
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| 朝 | [あさ, チョウ] morning
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| 昼 | [ひる, チュウ] daytime
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| 明(るい) | [あか(るい)] is bright
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| 去 | [キョ] past
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| 銀 | [ギン] silver
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| 仕 | [シ] to serve
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| 父 | [ちち, とう, フ] father
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| 母 | [はは, かあ, ボ] mother
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| 先 | [セン, さき] first; previous
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| 家族 | [かぞく] family
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| 友達 | [ともだち] friend
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| 質問 | [しつもん] question
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| 答え | [こたえ] answer
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| 宿題 | [しゅくだい] homework
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| 試験 | [しけん] exam
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| 昨日 | [きのう] yesterday
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| (ご)兄弟 | [(ご)きょうだい] siblings (go adds politeness)
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| ホストファミリー | host family
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| お父さま | father (polite)
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| お仕事 | [おしごと] job (polite)
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| 銀行 | [ぎんこう] bank
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| 去年 | [きょねん] last year
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| 上手 | [じょうず] skillful
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| 下手 | [へた] unskillful
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| 苦手 | [にがて] be poor at
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| 犬もあるけばぼうにあたる | lit. "even dogs run into sticks/poles" [can be interpreted as "good/bad luck comes unexpectedly."]
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| 祖父 | [そふ] one's own grandfather
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| 祖母 | [そぼ] one's own grandmother
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| 叔父 | [おじ] uncle
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| 叔母 | [おば] aunt
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| ようちえん | kindergarten
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| 物り | [ぶつり] physics
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| か学 | [かがく] chemistry
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| りか | science
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| 文学 | [ぶんがく] literature
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| れきし | history
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| (schoolを)そつぎょうする | to graduate from school
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| せんこうする | to major (in)
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| ~しか + Neg. | nothing/nobody/no~ but~; only~ [immediately follows the word being emphasized; suggests fewness or exclusiveness; replaces を, が, は, replaces or follows へ and に, and follows で, と, から, まで, etc. かかる may be used w/ しか but not だけ]
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| こちらこそ。 | It is I, (not you.) [emphasis]
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| 行って来ます。 | Used by a family member who leaves home for the day.
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| 行ってらっしゃい。 | Used by a family member who sees off another family member for the day.
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| ただいま。 | I'm home. [Used by family member who has come home]
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| お帰りなさい。 | Welcome home. [Used by a family member when welcoming another family member home]
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| おやすみ(なさい)。 | Good night.
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| お先[さき]に。 | Excuse me for going/doing something first.
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| しつれいします。 | Excuse me, I must be going now.[lit. "I will be rude"]/Excuse me for interrupting.
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| しつれいしました。 | I am sorry to have inconvenienced you/ for the rude act I have committed.
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| 人じん | carrot
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| Verb OO form | Let's do~; Shall we do~? [informal version of the ~ましょう form]
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| だろう | probably is [informal version of でしょう]
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| 朝食[ちょうしょく] | breakfast
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| 昼食[ちゅうしょく] | lunch
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| 夕食[ゆうしょく] | dinner; supper
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| 何でも | anything
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| いつでも | anytime
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| どこでも | anywhere
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| ~の。 | Female sentence ending particle in informal speech (also used by children); expresses emphasis or emotion, or used as a question marker instead of か when uttered with a rising intonation. When used w/ の, な replaces だ.
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| ~か/かい? | Male informal sentence ending particle; だ is omitted before either particle.
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| Verb て form +くれ | Male informal form of 下さい.
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| ~って | Informal/ conversational form of quotation particle と.
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| かえる | to change
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| つかう | to use
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| Noun 1の Noun 2 | の separates a modifier from the noun it modifies, or is used in situations where the 1st noun clarifies or helps define the 2nd noun (ex: ともだちのみちこ= my friend Michiko).
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| Occupationを している。 | lit. "doing the work of (occupation)"
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| Interrogative Noun(+へ, に, で, と, から, etc.)でも+ Affirmative Predicate。 | When でも is attached to a question word and followed by a affirmative ending, を, が, and は are not used. Other particles precede でも.
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| Interrogative Noun(+へ, に, で, と, から, etc.)も+ Negative Predicate。 | When a question word is followed by も and a negative predicate, を, が, and は do not appear before も.
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| Verb て form +る | い is often dropped from います/ いる in informal speech when it follows the て form of a verb. Should not be used in formal writing.
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| ~わ。 | Female sentence ending particle; adds softness to the message of the sentence, and may express light assertion; used in both formal and informal speech.
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| ~ぞ/~ぜ/~さ/~よ。 | Used in informal male speech only; expresses assertion & means "I tell you," "You know." だ is used after nouns and な adj. before ぞ, ぜ, and よ.
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| わ/の+ よ/ね。 | わ and の may precede よ and ね in informal female speech; adds a degree of softness to a sentence.
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Created by:
robinav
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