Infection Control Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What does mode of transmission mean? | An organisms needs transportation to a new host
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| Describe the Direct contact modes of transmission | person to person
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| Describe the indirect contact modes of transmission | person to object to person
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| Describe the droplet modes of transmission | coughs, sneezes
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| Describe the vehicle route modes of transmission | via water, food, blood, bodyfluids
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| Describe the airborne modes of transmission | dust evaporated droplets, hair and skin particles, ventilation systems
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| Describe the vector modes of transmission | bird, animal or insect --- i.e. West Nile Virus
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| Describe the normal flora microorganism | Normally present in the body
Do not cause disease
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| Describe bacteria microorganism | Single celled, nonpathogenic, multiply by cell division, Some cause infection
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| Describe viruses | Small, cannot live on their own, need host cell to multiply
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| Describe Fungi | Single-celled, use spores to reproduce
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| Describe Protozoa | Single celled, found mostly in contaminated water and sewage systems
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| How should you treat someone with HIV/AIDS? | Respect, warmth, empathy, acceptance and dignity
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| What are standard precautions? | Protection from cross-contamination i.e. PPE (personal/ proper protective equipment)
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| What are the contraindications for MMR? | (contraindication) (medicine) A reason that makes it inadvisable to prescribe a particular drug or employ a particular procedure or treatment.
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| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Pregnancy
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| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Immunoglobulin any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system that function as antibodies.
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| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Sensitivity to eggs/neomycin - an antibiotic related to streptomycin, active against a wide variety of bacterial infections.
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| What is a pathogen? | A disease causing microorganism
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| What is chemical disinfection used for? | Heat sensitive equipment
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| What is medical asepsis? | Killing germs after they leave the body
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| What is surgical asepsis? | An extension of medical asepsis aka sterilization destroys all pathogens before they enter the body
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| What is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms? | Hand washing
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| Why do vaccines work? | The body responds in the same manner to an antigen whether it is exposed to it naturally or via vaccine
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| What does the chain of infection mean? | The links in the chain of infection
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| How can AIDs be transmitted? | Unprotected sexual intercourse, shared needles or other drug equipment, tattooing, skin piercing and acupuncture with contaminated equipment, injury from a needle or sharp instrument contaminated by blood
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| What is the “universal disinfectant”? | Bleach
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| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | PEP Treatment after exposure to a pathogen
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| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | Post-exposure prophylaxis - Post-exposure prophylaxis is any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen, in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease
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| A device using steam for sterilization | autoclave
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| a pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response | antigen
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| a protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens | antibody
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| a hospital-related infection; one that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to a hospital or a healthcare facility | nosocomial infection
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| an infection that has spread to more than one region of the body | systemic infection
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| any instrument with a sharp edge or point, such as a scalpel, scissors, or a needle | sharp
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| applied to the skin or affected area | topical
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| bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow | anaerobic bacteria
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| bacteria that require oxygen to grow | aerobic bacteria
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| causing abnormalities in the fetus | teratogenic
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| a cleansing agent applied to living tissue to destroy pathogens | antiseptic
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| one in which the symptoms disappear and recur, while the disease-causing agent remains in the body | latent infection
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| completely free of pathogens | sterile
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| a substance that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life in an inanimate environment | sterilant
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| a chemical substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. It is not usually effective against bacterial spores | disinfectant
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| a disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism | infection
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| a disease that is spread from person to person | contagious disease
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| an individual's ability to fight off disease | immunity
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| an infection in which signs and symptoms are present | active infection
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| infection of the middle ear | otitis media
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| an infection that is time limited | acute infection
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| isolating or separating a client, client-care unit, or facility | quarantine
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| killing microorganisms | bactericidal
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| an infection that is confined to a specific region of the body | local infection
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| removal of gross contaminants and some microorganisms from instruments, skin, and so on; the lowest level of medical hygiene | sanitization
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| methods to avoid contamination of sterile materials | sterile technique
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| a microorganism that causes disease | pathogen
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| a more thorough removal of contaminants than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization | disinfection
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| not causing disease | nonpathogenic
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| an infection that does not ordinarily cause disease but does so under certain circumstances, for example, in compromised immune systems; so called because it takes advantage of an "opportunity" | opportunistic infection
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| an organism so small that it can only be seen under a microscope | microorganism
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| a period in which a chronic infection shows no symptoms | remission
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| a period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms | exacerbation
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| one that is persistent over a long period of time, perhaps life | chronic infection
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| a substance that significantly reduces the bacterial population in an inanimate environment but does not destroy all bacteria or other microorganisms | sanitizer
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| reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms | bacteriostatic
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| the re-emergence of an initial infection after it appears to have subsided but has not been cured | relapse
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| a distinct episode of an infection after recovery from the initial infection; may involve the same pathogens or different ones | recurrent infection
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| a serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease | immunoglobulin
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| a state in which pathogens are absent or reduced. There are two principal types of asepsis: medical and surgical | asepsis
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| the process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses. This is the highest level of cleanliness | sterilization
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| the power of a microbe to produce a disease in a particular host | virulence
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| the presence of pathogens on an object | contamination
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| treatment after exposure to a pathogen | PEP
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| without clinical signs of symptoms | asymptomatic
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