Infection Control review
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| what does mode of transmission mean? | an organism needs transportation to the new host
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| Describe the following modes of transmission: a) direct contact b) indirect contact c) droplet transmission d) vehicle route e) airborne transmission f) vector transmission | a) person to person
b) person to object to person
c) coughs or sneezes
d) via food, water or blood and body fluids
e) dust, evaporated droplets, skin and hair particles, ventilation system
f) bird, animal or insects
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| Describe the following types of microorganisms: a) normal flora b) bacteria c) viruses d) fungi e) protozoa | a) normally present in the body, do not cause disease
b) single-celled, nonpathogenic, multiply by cell division, some cause infections
c) small, can not live on their own, need host to multiply
d) single-celled, use spores to reproduce
e) single-cell
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| how should you treat someone with HIV/AIDS? | respect, warmth, empathy, acceptance and dignity
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| what are standard precautions? | protection from cross-contamination
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| what are the contraindications for MMR? | pregnancy, receipt of immunoglobulins, sensitivity to eggs or neomycin
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| what are pathogens? | a disease causing microorganism
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| what is chemical disinfection used for? | heat sensitive equipment
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| what is medical asepsis? | killing germs after they leave the body
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| what is surgical asepsis? | an extension of medical asepsis AKA sterilization, destroys all pathogens before they enter the body
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| what is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms? | hand washing
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| why do vaccines work? | the body responds in the same manner to an antigen whether it is exposed to it naturally or via vaccine
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| what does the chain of infection mean? | the links in the chain of infection
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| how can AIDS be transmitted? | unprotected sexual intercourse
shared needles or other drug equipment
tattooing, skin piercing, and acupuncture with contaminated equipment
injury from a needle or sharp instrument contaminated by blood
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| what is the " universal disinfectant"? | bleach
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| what is post-exposure prophylaxis? | treatment after exposed to a pathogen
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| a device using steam for sterilization | autoclave
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| a pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response | antigen
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| a protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens | antibody
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| a hospital-related infection; one that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to a hospital or a healthcare facility | nosocomial infection
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| an infection that has spread to more then one region of the body | systemic infection
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| any instrument with a sharp edge or point, such as a scalpel, scissors or needle | sharp
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| applied to the skin or affected area | topical
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| bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow | anaerobic bacteria
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| bacteria that requires oxygen to grow | aerobic bacteria
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| causing abnormalities in the fetus | teratogenic
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| a cleansing agent applied to living tissue to destroy pathogens | antiseptic
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| one in which the symptoms disappear and recur, while the disease-causing agent remains in the body | latent infection
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| completely free of pathogens | sterile
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| a substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. it is not usually effective against bacterial spores | disinfectant
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| a disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism | infection
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| a disease that is spread from person to person | contagious infection
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| an individual's ability to fight off disease | immunity
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| an infection in which signs and symptoms are present | active infection
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| infection in the middle ear | otitis media
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| an infection that is time limited | acute infection
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| isolating or separating client, client-care unit or facility | quarantine
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| killing microorganisms | bactericidal
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| an infection that is confined to a specific region of the body | local infection
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| removal of gross contaminants and some microorganisms from instruments, skin, and so on; the lowest level of medical hygiene | sanitization
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| methods to avoid contamination of sterile materials | sterile technique
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| a microorganism that causes disease | pathogen
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| a more thorough removal of contaminants than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization | disinfection
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| not causing disease | nonpathogenic
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| an infection that does not ordinarily cause disease but does so under certain circumstances, for example, in compromised immune systems; so called because it takes advantage of an opportunity | opportunistic infection
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| an organism so small that it can only be seen under a microscope | microorganism
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| a period in which a chronic infection shows no symptoms | remission
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| a period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms | exacerbation
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| one that is persistent over a long period of time, perhaps life | chronic infection
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| a substance that significantly reduces the bacterial population in an inanimate environment but does not destroy all bacteria or other microorganisms | sanitizer
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| reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms | bacteriastatic
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| the re-emergence of an initial infection after it appears to have subsided but has not been cured | relapse
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| a distinct episode of an infection after recovery from the initial infection; may involve the same pathogens or different ones | recurrent infection
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| a serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease | immunoglobulins
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| a state in which pathogens are absent or reduced. there are two principal types of asepsis: medical and surgical | asepsis
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| the process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses. This is the highest level of cleanliness | sterilization
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| the power of a microbe to produce a disease in a particular host | virulence
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| the presence of pathogens on an object | contamination
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| treatment after exposure to a pathogen | post-exposure prophylaxis
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| without clinical signs and symptoms | asymptomatic
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