Chapter 5 & 6 - Digestive System Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| absorption | passage of materials through to walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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| amino acids | small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested
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| amylase | enzymes secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
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| anus | terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum
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| bile | digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
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| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile
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| bowel | intestines
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| canine teeth | pointed teeth next to the incisors
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| cecum | first part of the large intestine
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| colon | consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments
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| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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| defecation | elimination of feces
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| deglution | swallowing
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| dentin | primary material found in teeth
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| digestion | breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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| duodenum | first part of the small intestines
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| elimination | act of removal of materials from the body
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| emulsification | physical process of breaking up fat globules
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| enamel | hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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| enzyme | chemical that speeds up reactions between substances
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| esophagus | tube connecting the throat to the stomach
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| fatty acids | substances produces when fats are digested
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| feces | solid wastes; stool
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| gallbladder | small sac under the liver; stores bile
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| glucose | simple sugar
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| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
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| hydrochloric acid | substance produces by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
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| ileum | third part of the small intestines
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| incisor | on of four front teeth
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| insulin | hormone produces by endocrine cells of the pancreas;
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| jejunum | second part of the small intestine
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| lipase | pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats
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| liver | large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen
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| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | ring of muscles between esophagus and stomach
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| mastication | chewing
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| pancreas | organ under the stomach; produces insulin and anzymes
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| papillae | small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue
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| parotid glands | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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| peristalsis | rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
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| pharynx | throat,
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| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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| protease | enzyme that digests protein
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| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscles at the end of the stomach
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| pylorus | distal region ofthe stomach
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| rectum | last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
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| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
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| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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| salivary glands | parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
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| sigmoid colon | forth and last segment of the colon
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| sphincter | circular ring on muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
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| triglycerides | fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
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| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
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| villi | microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
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