ap literary terms for AP lit exam
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| Allegory | story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities.
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| Alliteration | repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together.
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| Allusion | reference to someone or something that is known from history literature religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something.
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| Ambiguity | Deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a word. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way this is done one purpose by the author,when it is not done one purpose, it is vagueness...
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| Analogy | a comparison made between two things to show ow they are alike.
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| Anaphora | repetition of a word, phrase, or clause, at th beginning of two or more sentences in a row. this is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writers point more coherent.
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| Anastrophe | Inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion.
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| Anecdote | Brief story, told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something, often shows character of an individual.
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| Antagonist | Opponent who struggles against or blocks a hero , or protagonist, in the story.
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| Antimetabole | repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical.
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| Antithesis | balancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure.
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| Antihero | Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. May lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples.
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| Anthropomorphism | Attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object.
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| Aphorism | Brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or a principle or accepted general truth. Also called Maxim, Epigraph.
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| Apostrophe | Calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personification abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation.
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| Apposition | Placing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which, is an explanation, qualification, or modification, of the first.
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| Assonance | The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together.
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| Asyndeton | Commas used without conjunctions to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally: instead of X,Y, and Z...the writer uses x,y,z...see polysyndeton.
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| Balance | constructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance. Sentences can be unbalanced to serve a special effect as well.
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| Characterization | the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.
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| Indirect Characterization | the author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character's private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the characters e...
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| Direct Characterization | the author tells us directly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pet, etc. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.
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| Static Character | is one who does not change much in the course of a story.
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| Dynamic Character | is one who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action.
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| Flat Character | has only one or two personality traits. They are one dimensional, like a piece of cardboard. They can be summed up in one phrase.
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| Round Character | has more dimensions to their personalities---they are complex, just as real people are.
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| Chiasmus | in poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the part reversed.
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| Cliche | in a word or phrase, often a figure of speech, that has become lifeless because of overuse. Avoid cliches like the Plague.
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| Colloquialism | a word pr phrase in everyday use in conversation and informal writing but is inappropriate for formal situations.
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| Comedy | in general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters.
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| Conceit | an elaborate metaphor that compares two
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