Rio Salado Game Questions
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| Peptide hormones enter the target cells and elicit a response by mediating neurotransmitter effects. T/F | False
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| Direct gene activation involves a second messenger system. | False
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| Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain neurotransmitters. | True
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| The thyroid gland is embedded in the parathyroid tissue. | False
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| The thyroid glad is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an individual. | True
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| All peptide hormone synthesis require gene activation that produces mRNA. | True
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| All of the following hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis ACTH, FSH, LH. | True
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| The anterior pituitary secretes all but | Antidiuretic Hormone
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| The release of hormones from the adenohypophysis is controlled by secretions of the: | Hypothalamus
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| The _______ gland declines in size and function with age. | Thymus
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| The _______ gland may influence our day/night cycles and even regulate the onset of sexual maturity. | Pineal
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| The largest pure endocrine gland in the body is | Thyroid
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| Produces the hormones that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty. | Ovaries
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| Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain. | Posterior pituitary.
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| Produces the hormones that direct the production of secondary sex characteristics in males. | Testes
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| Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and moneralcorticoids. | Adrenal Glands
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| Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ. | Hypothalamus
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| The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenisis. | True
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| ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to release corticosteroid hormones. | False
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| Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions. | True
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| Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that has destructive effects on the skeletal system. | False
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| Type II diabetes lacks insulin activity. | True
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| The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin. | False
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| Aldosterone is the most potent mineralcorticoid produced but the least abundant. | False
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| Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effect through intracellular: | Second Messengers
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| Which of the following is NOT a principal class of hormones? | Glycolipids
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| _____ hormones are derived from cholesterol. | Cholesterol
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| In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the target organ also known as _________. | Upregulation
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| "Moon face," "buffalo hump" on the back, a hanging abdomen, and bruises easily are characteristics of the disorder known as | Cushing Syndrome
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| Acromegally is the result of hypersecretion of growth hormones. | True
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| Calcitonin has which of the following characteristics? | It helps maintain the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate in the blood.
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| Catecolamines are produced by the chromaffin cells. | True
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| Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of glucocorticoids? | They encourage connective tissue regeneration.
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| Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, | the steroids and the amino acid-based molecules
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| located in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an isthmus | thyroid gland
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| found close to the kidney | adrenal gland
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| pancreas | ?
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| Name two endocrine glands (or regions) that are important for the stress response and explain why they are important. | testes
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| ride “horseback” on the thyroid gland | parathyroid
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| found in the pelvic cavity of the female, concerned with ova and female hormone production | ovaries
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| found in the upper thorax overlying the heart; large during youth | thymus
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| found in the roof of the third ventricle | pineal body
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| programming of T lymphocytes | thymosin in thymus gland
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| regulate blood calcium levels | 1st Hormone PTH in parathyroid glands2nd Hormone thyrocalcitonin/calcitonin in thyroid gland
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| released in response to stressors | 1st Hormone cortisone in adrenal cortex2nd Hormone epinephrine in adrenal medulla
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| drive development of secondary sexual characteristics | estrogens in ovaries & testosterone in testes
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| regulate the function of another endocrine gland | 1st ACTH in anterior pituitary2nd FSH in anterior pituitary3rd LH in anterior pituitary4th TSH in anterior pituitary
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| mimics the sympathetic nervous system | epinephrine in adrenal medulla
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| regulate blood glucose levels; produced by the same "mixed" gland | 1st glucagon in pancreas2nd insulin in pancreas
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| directly responsible for the menstrual cycle | 1st estrogens in ovaries2nd progesterone in ovaries
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| regulate the ovarian cycle | 1st FSH in anterior pituitary2nd LH in anterior pituitary
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| maintenance of salt and water balance in the ECF | 1st ADH in hypothalamus2nd aldosterone in adrenal cortex
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| directly involved in milk production and ejection | 1st oxytocin in hypothalamus2nd prolactin in anterior pituitary
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| questionable function; may stimulate the melanocytes of the skin | 1st MSH in anterior pituitary
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| ADH Stimulated by | the nervous system
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| aldosterone stimulated by | humoral factors
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| estrogens stimulated by | another hormone
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| insulin stimulated by | humoral factors
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| norepinephrine stimulated by | the nervous system
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| parathyroid hormone stimulated by | humoral factors
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| T4 / T3 stimulated by | another hormone
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| testosterone stimulated by | another hormone
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| TSH, FSH stimulated by | another hormone
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: sexual immaturity | estrogen, testosterone
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: tetany | PTH
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: excessive diuresis without high blood glucose levels | ADH
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts:polyurea, polyphagia, and polydipsia | insulin
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: abnormally small stature, normal proportions | growth hormone (GH)
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: miscarriage | progesterone
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| Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts: lethargy, hair loss, low BMR, obesity | T4/T3
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| hormone(s) produced in excessive amounts: lantern jaw and large hands and feet in the adult | growth hormone (GH)
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| hormone(s) produced in excessive amounts: bulging eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse rate | T4/T3 (thyroid hormone)
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| hormone(s) produced in excessive amounts: demineralization of bones, spontaneous fractures | PTH
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| Hormone produced by: parafollicular cells of the thyroid | calcitonin
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| Hormone produced by: follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid | T4/T3
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| Hormone produced by: beta cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) | insulin
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| Hormone produced by: alpha cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) | glucagon
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| Hormone produced by: basophil cells of the anterior pituitary | TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
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| Hormone produced by: zona fasciculata cells | glucocorticoids
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| Hormone produced by: zona glomerulosa cells | mineralocorticoids
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| Hormone produced by: chief cells | PTH
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| Hormone produced by: acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary | GH, prolactin
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| A hormone that regulates gamete production. | FSH
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| Steroids or amino acid-based molecules released into the blood, which arouse tissues. | Hormones
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| These produce testosterone. | Testes
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| Its primary function is to control the rate of body meta- bolism and cellular oxidation. | TH
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| Synthesize insulin. | Pancreas
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| Consists of two functional areas: the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis. | Pituitary Gland
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| Controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and release epinephrine and norepinephrine. | Adrenal Medulla
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| Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland. | ACTH
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| One of the hormones that stimulates breast develop- ment and promotes and maintains lactation after child- birth. | Prolactin
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| A hormone produced in the adrenal cortex that enables the body to resist long term stress. | Glucocorticoid
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| Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of: | Cortisol
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| Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular: | Second messengers
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| Release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism | Oxytocin:
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| ometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as: | Down-regulation
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| The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because: | It is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
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| Steroid hormones exert their action by: | Entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
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| The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by: | Binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
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| Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to: | Steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily in to target cells
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| The major targets of growth hormone are: | Bones and skeletal muscles
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| Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? | The heart
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| Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to: | Cortisol
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| The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is: | Aldosterone
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| Which of the following does not act as a second messenger in second-messenger systems of hormone action? | Calmodulin
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| Select the correct statement about hormonal structure or function. | An amino acid derivative can be a hormone.
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| In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as: | Up-regulation
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| Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone? | Liver
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| Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? | It does not require a second messenger to effect a response
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| Catecholamines and/or peptide hormones bind to receptors on the surface of cells that comprise target organs. This binding causes: | Adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP from ATP.
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| Glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress. They accomplish this by: | Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
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| What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-base hormones? | Calcium
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