Chapter 12- Security
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| authentication | proving that a user is genuine, and not an imposter
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| authentication factors | five elements that can prove the genuineness of a user: what you know, what you have, what you are, what you do, where you are
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| authentication factors | what you know, what you have, what you are, what you do, and where you are
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| bcrypt | a popular key stretching password hash algorithm
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| behavioral biometrics | authenticating a user by the unique actions that the user performs
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| birthday attack | an attack that searches for any two digests that are the same
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| brute force attack | a password attack in which every possible combination of letters, numbers, and characters is used to create encrypted passwords that are matched against those in a stolen password file.
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| cognitive birometrics | authenticating a user through the perception, thought process, and understanding of the user.
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| common access card (CAC) | a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) smart card used for identification of active-duty and reserve military personnel along with civilian employees and special contractors
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| dictionary attack | a password attack that creates encrypted versions of common dictionary words and compares them against those in a stolen password file.
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| federated identity management (FIM) | single sign-on for networks owned by different organizations.
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| geolocation | the identification of the location of a person or object using technology
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| HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) | A one-time password that changes when a specific event occurs.
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| hybrid attack | a password attack that slightly alters dictionary words by adding numbers to the end of the password, spelling words backward, slightly misspelling words, or including special characters
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| key stretching | a password hashing algorithm that requires significantly more time than standard hashing algorithms to create the digest
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| LM (LAN Manager) hash | A cryptographic function found in older Microsoft Windows operating systems used to fingerprint data
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| multifactor authentication | using more than one type of authentication credential
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| NTLM (New Technology LAN Manager) hash | A hash used by modern Microsoft Windows operating systems for creating password digests
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| NTLMv2 | the current version of the New Technology LAN Manager hash
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| one-time password (OTP) | An authentication code that can be used only once or for a limited period of time.
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| password | a secret combination of letters, numbers, and/or characters that only the user should have knowledge of
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| PBKDF2 | a popular key stretching password hash algorithm
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| Personal Identity Verification (PIV) | A US government standard for smart cards that covers all government employees
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| pre-image attack | An attack in which one known digest is compared to an unknown digest
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| rainbow tables | large pre-generated data sets of encrypted passwords used in password attacks
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| salt | a random string that is used in hash algorithms
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| single-factor authentication | using one type of authentication credential
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| single sign-on (SSO) | Using one authentication credential to access multiple accounts or applications.
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| smart card | a card that contains an integrated circuit chip that can hold information used as part of the authentication process
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| standard biometrics | using fingerprints or other unique physical characteristics of a person's face, hands, or eyes for authentication
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| time-based one-time password (TOTP) | a one-time password that changes after a set period of time
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| token | a small device that can be affixed to a keychain with a window display that shows a code to be used for authentication
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| transitive trust | a two-way relationship that is automatically created between parent and child domains in a Microsoft Active Directory Forest
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| username | an identifier of a user logging into a system
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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