ex3

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Answer

14*. According to the Chargaff s rule if the DNA of a certain organism has cytosine as 30% of its bases, then what percentage of its bases would be adenine?

20%

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19*. The function of the promoter is

to signal the RNA polymerase where to start transcribing the DNA

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23*. Stop codon :

signals the end of protein synthesis

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31.* Which method is utilized by euk to control their gene expression that is not used by prok.

'A&B only': Control of chromatin remodeling; Control of RNA splicing

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40*. Dideoxy nucleotides used in DNA sequencing lack __ atoms in 2' and 3' of their ribose sugar.

oxygen (NOT carbon or hydrogen)

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1.Egg and sperm, involved in sexual reproduction, are formed through a process called

meiosis.

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2. Somatic cells of roundworms have four chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you find in an ovum from a roundworm?

two

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3. Sister chromatids separate during

anaphase.

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4. Meiosis involves the creation of haploid cells from diploid cells. The haploid chromosome number is created when

homologous chromosomes separate.

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5. What can you infer from the karyotype shown in Figure 12.1?

This is a karyotype of a male.

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6. Asexual reproduction takes place by which of the following processes?

mitosis

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7. The chromosomes that are of the same size and carry similar genes are called

homologs

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8. What is the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring produced by the cross Aa x Aa? Assume complete dominance for the trait.

75% dominant: 25% recessive

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9. According to the Law of Segregation, in an organism with the genotype Aa

half the gametes will have A and half will have a

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10. A recessive gene is one whose effect is masked by a dominant allele.

false

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11. If the allele for active lactase enzyme (L. is dominant to the allele for inactive lactase (1), the cross LI x 11 is expected to produce

1/2 with active and 1/2 with inactive lactase

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12. The polypeptide encoded by mRNA CCCAUGCCCCUGUUUUGA has how many amino acids? Hint: UGA is the stop codon in the gene encoding this mRNA. AUG encodes the initiator methionine

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13. For a eukaryotic chromosome, which of the following is true?

RNAs of different genes can be transcribed off either DNA strand, but are always made 5'-3'

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15. ___ transport amino acids to ribosomes

tRNAs

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16. Synthesis of Okazaki fragments is required for both leading and lagging strands of a DNA molecule during their replications

false

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17. Complementary DNA base pairs are held together by

hydrogen bonds

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18. HIV, the virus causing AIDS, has the ability of making DNA from the viral RNA using its own enzyme known as reverse transcriptase

true

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20. Which occurs in the nucleus

transcription and replication of genetic material

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21. The anticodon for AUC is

UAG

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22. Find the mismatch

transcription is protein synthesis

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24. Exons are regions of the DNA that code for the amino acids of a protein

true

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25. Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Binding of sigma to the promoter region

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26. Which of the following is(are. post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

all: addition of poly A tail, alternative splicing, addition of methyl-guanosine cap

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27. Post-translational modifications include all of the following except

removal of introns

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28. Full induction of the lac operon occurs when __

lactose levels are high and glucose levels are low

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29. A group of genes that are regulated together and transcribed into a single mRNA is

operon

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30. CAP is said to be responsible for positive regulation of lac operon because

CAP bound to the CAP binding site increases the frequency of transcription initiation

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32. The regulatory transcription factor bind to

enhancer

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33. Which of the following allows more than one type of protein to be produced from one gene?

alternative forms of RNA splicing

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34. Which of the followings is considered epigenetic modification?

Acetylation

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35. A major feature of an enhancer element is that it can function in an independent position and independent orientation manner.

true

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36. Restriction enzymes are:

Proteins made by bacteria and capable of digesting DNA at specific sequences

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37. The polymerase chain reaction is a method to __

Both B&C:making millions of copies of a small amount of DNA and making gene copies quite rapidly. NOT for analyzing fingerprints.

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38. Which of the following describe the various steps of PCR?

denaturation, annealing, extension (NOT 'all of the above')

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39. Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of

A&B only: plasmid & bacterial cell replication

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