AP Bio Chapter 38
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| alternation of generation | in which a haploid and diploid generations take turns producing each other
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| sporophyte | produces haploid spores by meiosis
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| gametophytes | multicellular males and females, the haploid generation
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| sepals | a whorl of modified leaves in angiosperms that encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens
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| petals | pretty = ) used to play games with i.e. he loves me, he loves me not....
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| stamens | the pollen producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of another filament
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| carpels | the female reproductive organ of a flower,consisting of stigma, style, and ovary
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| ovules | where embryonic sacs develop, which are enclosed by the ovaries
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| complete flowers | those having all four organs
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| incomplete flowers | those lacking one or more of the four floral parts
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| perfect flower | can be incomplete and lack petals, equipped with both stamen and carpels
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| imperfect flower | flowers missing either stamen or carpels
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| monoecious | when staminate and carplate flowers are located on the same individual plant (one house)
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| dioecious | species has staminate flowers and carpellate flowers on separate plants
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| microspore | a haploid division of microsporocyte, eventually undergoes mitosis and produces a generative cell and a tube cell
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| megaspore | a haploid division of megasprocyte, in some angiosperms only 1 survives
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| embryo sac | the female gametophyte
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| pollination | bringing male and female gametophytes together, placing pollen onto the stigma of a carpel
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| self-incompatible | if a pollen grain from another happens to land on a stigma of a flower on the same plant, a biochemical block prevents the pollen from completing its development and fertilizing an egg
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| endosperm | a food storing tissue
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| double fertilization | the union of two sperm cells with different cells of the embryonic sac
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| seed coat | enclosing the embryo and food supply, formed by the integuments of the ovule, the progenitor of the seed
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| hypocotyl | the embryonic axis, terminates the radicle
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| radicle | embryonic root
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| epicotyl | portion of the embryonic axis above the cotyledons
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| scutellum | specialize type of cotyledon found in members of the grass family like corn and wheat
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| coleorhiza | covers the root
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| coleoptile | cloaks the embryonic shoot
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| fruit | yummy!, protects the enclosed seeds and aids in their dispersal by wind or animals
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| pericarp | thickened wall of the fruit
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| simple fruit | fruit derived from a single ovary, cherry
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| aggregate fruit | blackberry, result from a single flower that has several carpels
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| multiple fruit | pineapple, develops from inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together
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| imbibition | the absorption of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed
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| vegetative reproduction | when plant species clone themselves by asexual reproduction
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| fragmentation | the separation of a parent plant into modes of vegetative reproduction
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| apomixis | asexual production of seeds
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| callus | undifferentiated cells formed by mass dividing at the shoot
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| stock | the plant that provides the root system
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| scion | the twig grafted onto the stock
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| protoplast fusion | a technique working with tissue cultures to create new plant variates that can be cloned
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| monoculture | the cultivation of large areas of land with a single plant variety
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| development | the sum of all of the changes that progressively elaborate an organism's body
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| growth | an irreversible increase in size, results from cell division and cell enlargement
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| morphogenesis | the development of form
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| cellular differentiation | the acquisition of a cell's specific structural and functional features
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| preprophase band | microtubules in the cortex of the cell become concentrated into a ring
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| pattern formation | the development of specific structures at specific locations
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| positional information | signals of some kind that indicate each cell's location within an embryonic structure
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| meristem identity genes | switching on the floral gene, activated genes for developing the floral meristem
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| organ-identity genes | substitute one type of floral organ where another would normally form
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