Duke PA Neuroradiology
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| if you are ordering a skull radiograph there is a strong chance that __ | you are doing the wrong thing
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| indications for skull radiographs | pre-MRI, pre-surgical planning
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| __ accounts for 80% of head trauma deaths in <2 yo | child abuse
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| when do you care about radiation the most | pregnancy and kids
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| fat is bright on __ MRI | T1
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| fluid is bright on __ MRI | T2
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| H2O is bright on __ MRI | T2
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| contrast injected in subarachnoid space, viewed under fluroscopy or CT | myelography
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| reasons for doing myelography instead of MRI for evaluation of spinal cord abnormalities | can't do an MRI for any reason (obesity, embeded metal, pacemaker) MRI is first choice when possible
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| contrast injected into blood vessels under fluoroscopy | angiography
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| indications for angiography | vessel blood flow, vessel anatomy, interventions
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| __ much more common than angiography | CTA and MRA
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| indications for nuclear imaging | blood flow, brain activity (alzheimer disease, parkinson, epilepsy)
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| radiopharmaceuticals localize in tissue, emit detectable radiation | nuclear imaging
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| __ is draped just lateral to the lateral ventricles | caudate
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| when there is a lack of reabsorption of CSF | non-obstructive hydrocephalus
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| __ is a star | supersellar cistern
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| __ smiles at you if there is no problem | quadrigeminal cistern
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| modality of choice for head trauma | noncontrast CT
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| why use noncontrast CT when evaluating head trauma | contrast shows up the same as blood on CT
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| 5 emergency questions to aske when viewing a CT | is the middle of the brain in the middle of the head. Is there symmetry. Is the suprasellar cistern a star. Is the 4th ventricle midline and symmetric. Is the lateral ventricle effaced
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| an epidural hematoma is usually caused by damage to an __ | artery
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| what is the most injured cranial artery leading to an epidural bleed | middle meningeal artery
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| crescentic free flowing hematoma in the brain is usually a | subdural hematoma
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| etiology of a subdural hematoma | acceleration/deceleration injury, veins transversing subdural space
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| hematoma that will follow the contours of the brain | subarachnoid hematoma
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| ruptured aneurysms can cause | subarachnoid hematoma
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| worst headache of my life, thunder clap | subarachnoid hematoma
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| mechanism for orbital blow out fracture | punched in the eye
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| burst fracture of C1 | jefferson fracture
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| extension and distraction fracture of C2 | hangman's fracture
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| fracture of C7 spinous process | clay shoveler's fracture
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| third leading cause of death | cerbrovascular disease
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| blurring of the gray white junction on CT is an early sign of | stroke
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| hyperdense artery on CT is sign of | thrombotic stroke
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| imaging modality of choice for brain neoplasms | MRI
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| in every patient with a headache look for __ for sign of increased cranial pressure | papilledema
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| intra-axial refers to | brain parynchyma
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| extra-axial refers to | meninges, ventricles, skull
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| if you give contrast to a meningioma it is __ | light bulb bright
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| most common site for brain tumor in children | posterior fossa
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| imaging of choice for acute sinusitis | not needed
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| imaging of choice for chronic sinusitis | not needed
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| reason for getting imaging for sinusitis | failed treatment (could be fungal, neoplasm), preparation for surgery,
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| study of choice to rule out croupe | x-ray
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| steeple sign is seen in | croupe
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| croupe tends to be __ in etiology | viral
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| presentation: acute fever, dysphagia, stridor, sniffing position, respiratory failure, thumb print sign | epiglottitis
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| most common AIDS related CNS opportunistic infection | toxoplasmosis
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| ring enhancing lesions in a patient with AIDS could be | toxoplasmosis or cancer
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| age 20-40, females>males, autoimmune destruction of myelin, lesion in time and space | multiple sclerosis
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| multiple sclerosis has findings on MRI, unfortunately __ | they overlap with other diseases
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| wet, wobbly, and weird | Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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| symptoms of incontinence, gait abnormalities, and dementia (emotional disturbance) | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
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