Surgical Pharmacology & Anesthesia - Chpt 9 - AST Surg Tech
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| Pharmacology is: | the study of medications and their actions, including drug origins, properties and usage.
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| Drug is defined as: | a substance used as medicine for the dianosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease or condition.
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| Contraindictions are: | a list of circumstances or medical condtitions under which the medication should not be used.
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| An agonist is: | a drug that stimulates or prolongs the response of a drug or a physiologic action
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| An antagonist: | binds to the agonist's receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding there and causing its desired effect.
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| The prefix that designates 1000 times in the metric system is: | Kilo
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| The basic unit of measure for weight in the metric system is the: | gram
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| The number of milliliters in an ounce is: | 30 ml
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| The number of milliters in a cup is: | 240 ml
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| Medication used to relieve pain is a/an: | analgesic
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| A drug for high potential additiona and abuse is a/an: | controlled substance
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| Anesthesia produced by marked cooling is: | Cryoansethesia
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| An example of a type of drug used to prevent disease is a/an: | vaccine
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| The route of administration that produces the most immediate action is: | IV
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| Saying that a drug is to be given hs means that: | it should be taken at bedtime
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| The needle gauge most appropriate for local infiltration is: | 25 gauge
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| A contrast medium used when performing a cholangiogram is: | diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque)
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| Amnesia is: | lack of recall
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| Anaphylaxis is: | immediate manifestation of a hypersensitivity to a specific substance, usually resulting in respiratory distress and vascular collapse
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| Anesthesia is: | lack of sensation
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| Antagonist is: | a drug that blocks the action of another drug or physiologic action without producing any effect of its own
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| Antimuscarinic means: | (formerly known as anticholinergic) agents that block cholinergic (parasympathetic) effects, such as salivation and bradycardia
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| Aspiration as applies to anethesia means: | inadvertent inhalation of gastric contents or a foreign body into the lungs
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| Biotechnology is: | source of drugs that are genetically engineered in the laboratory; also referred to as recombinant DNA technology
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| Buccal | refers to the cheek; buccal medication administration is considered topical; the medication is placed between the cheek and the teeth and allowed to dissolve and/or be absorbed
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| Capnography | system for monitoring the exhaled amount of carbon dioxide
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| Contraindication: | a reason why a specific procedure or drug may be undesirable or improper in a particular situation
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| Doppler | ultrasonic device used to identify and assess vascular status of peripheral arteries and veins by magnifying the sound of the blood moving through the vessel
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| Drug: | 13. a substance used as medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention (prophylaxis) of disease or a condition
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| Generic: | 14. nonproprietary name for a drug that is a shortened version of the chemical name or gives a reference to the intended use
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| Homeostasis | stable physiologic state
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| Hypnosis | altered state of consciousness in relation to the patient’s perception of the surgical environment and surgical procedure
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| Iatrogenic | an unavoidable effect or disease induced by pharmacologic therapy
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| Indication | a reason to perform a specific procedure or prescribe a certain drug
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| Induction: | The second stage of anesthesia in which the patient is given induction drugs and intubated. The patient's level of consciousness changes from alert to unconscious; reflexes are depressed.
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| Intra-articular | within a joint
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| Larynogospasm | 22. sudden, involuntary contraction of the larynx that is capable of causing partial or total occlusion of the larynx
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| Intrathecal | within the subdural space
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| NPO | nothing by mouth(Latin – nil per os)
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| PACU | post anesthesia care unit
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| Parenteral | other than enteral, by injection
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| Pharmacodynamics | term describing the interaction of drug molecules with the target cells; the resulting action is biochemical and physiologic
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| Pharmacokinetics | term used to describe the entire process of the drug’s activity within the body; the process of pharmacokinesis involves absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion
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| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their actions
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| Prophylaxis | prevention of disease or a condition
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| Synergist | action of one agent increase the action of the other agent when delivered together
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| Topical | applied to the skin or mucous membrane to provide a localized or systemic effect
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| Volatile Agents | group of liquids whose potent evaporative vapors, when inhaled, produce general anesthesia by depressing the CNS
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| C | Celcius
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| m | Meter, micrometer, or minim
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| kg | Kilogram
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| L | liter
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| mL | microliter
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| F | Fahrenheit
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| mm | millimeter
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| mg | milligram
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| g | gram
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| ung | microgram
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| lb | pound
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| mcg | microgram
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| oz | ounce
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| cm | centimeter
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| mEq | milliequivalen
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| cc | cubic centimeter
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| IV | Intravenous
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| PO | by mouth
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| IM | intramuscular
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| DVT | deep vein thrombosis
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| PONV | by mouth, nausea and vomiting
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| ARDS | adult respiratory distress syndrome
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| LMA | laryngeal mask airway
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| ETT | endotracheal tube
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| SARA | system for anesthetic and respiratory analysis
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| ABG | arterial blood gas
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| PT | prothrombin time
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| PTT | partial thromboplastin time
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| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid
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| CNS | central nervous system
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| USP | United States Pharmacopeia
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration
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| BIS | bispectral index monitor
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| 1 m | 36.37 inches
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| 1 inch | 2.54 cm
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| 1 mL | 1 cc
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| 2 oz | 60 cc
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| 1 gram | 1000 mg
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| 1 kg | 2.2 lbs
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| 1 cc | 14-15 minims
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| 1 L | 1000 cc
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| Boiling Point 212 degrees F | 100 degrees C
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| 1 minim | 1 gtt
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| 1 oz | 30 cc
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| 98.6 degrees F | 37 degrees C
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| 100 mL | 100 cc
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| 1 meter | 1000 cm
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| analgesic | relieves pain
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| anesthetic | produces partial or complete loss of sensation
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| antibiotic | prevents or treats infections
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| anticholinergic | blocks parasympathetic impulses
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| anticoagulant | prevents clots or thrombus formations
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| antiemetic | prevents or treats nausea and vomiting
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| anti-inflammatory | prevents or treats pain, redness, swelling or heat
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| antipyretic | relieves fever
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| controlled substance | drugs with the potential for addiction
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| contrast media | appears radio paque on an x-ray
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| cycloplegic | paralyzes the ciliary muscle of the eye
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| diuretic | increases urine output or edema
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| dye | colors or marks tissue
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| fibrinolytic | dissolves clots or thrombus - enzyme
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| hemostatic | enhances formation of clot or thrombus
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| hormone | secretion of endrocrine gland
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| miotic | constricts pupil
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| mydriatic | dialates pupil
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| sedative | reduces mental anxiety and promotes sleep
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| vasocontrictor | increases blood pressure
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| lidocaine | antiarrhythmia and anesthetic
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| dantrolene | treatment for MH
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| epinephrine | hormone vasoconstrictor
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| benzodiazepines | preoperative sedative
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| atropine | anticholinergic - drecreases musoucs secretions or treats bradycardia
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| nitrous oxide | gas anesthetic may increase ear pressure
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| heparin | anticoagulant use for vascular cases
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| thrombin | hemostatic agent never given IV
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| mannitol | osmotic diuretic
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| Bacitracin | antibiotic
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| adrenaline/epinephrine | Adrenergic/hormone/vasoconstrictor
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| Ancef/Cefazolin sodium | Antibiotic/cephalosporin
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| Anectine/Succinylcholine chloride | Neuromuscular blockage agent; depolarizing muscle relaxer
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| Benadryl/Diphenhydramine | Antihistamine
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| Coumadin/Warfarin sodium | Anticoagulant
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| Dantrium/Dantrolene sodium | MH (malignant hyperthermia) antagonist
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| Decadron/Dexamethasone | Anti-inflammatory/steroid
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| Demerol/Meperidine hcl | Analgesic/narcotic analgesic
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| Flagyl/Metronidazole | Antifungal/amebicide/antiprotozoal
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| Gelfoam/Absorbable hemostatic gelatin | Hemostatic agent
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| Heparin/Heparin sodium | Anticoagulant
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| Humulin/Insulin, human | hormone
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| Kantrex/Kanamycin sulfate | antibiotic
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| Lasix/Furosemide | Diuretic
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| Lidocaine/Xylocaine hydrochloride | Anti-arrythmic/anesthetic
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| Marcaine/Bupivicaine hcl | Anesthetic/amide nerve blockade
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| Narcan/Naloxone hydrochloride | Narcotic antagonist
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| Papverine/Papaverine hydrochloride | Vasopressor/vasodilator
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| Pitocin/Oxytocin | Hormone
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| Renografin | Contrast media
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| Silvadene/Silver sulfadiazine | Anti-infective/sulfonamide
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| Sodium pentothal/Thiopental sodium | Anesthetic/induction agent
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| Solu-cortef/Hydrocortisone sodium succinate | Steroid anti-inflammatory
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| Sublimaze/Fentanyl citrate | Narcotic analgesic
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| Surgical/Oxycel/Oxidized cellulose | Hemostatic agent
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| Tagamet/Cimetidine | Antacid/histamine blocker
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| Toradol/Ketoralac tromethamine | Nonnarcotic analgesic
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| Tracrium/Atracurium besylate | Non-depolarizing muscle relaxer or neuromuscular blockage agent
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| Valium/Diazepam | Sedative tranquilizer/ benzodiazepine
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| Versed/Midazolam hydrochloride | Sedative tranquilizer/benzodiazepine
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| Wydase/Hyaluronidase | Enzyme/anesthesia additive
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