Bilogy Chapter 6 Quiz
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| 1) Who is the father of Genetics? | Gregor Mendel
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| 2) What organism did he use to study genetics? | Pea plants
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| 3) What is a trait? | Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited
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| 4) What is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation? | Genetics
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| described traits as being inherited as discrete whats? | Units
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| 6) Name the 3 decisions Mendel used in his experiments | –use of purebred plants ; –control over breeding ; –observation of seven “either-or” traits
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| 7) What does the “P” generation represent in Mendel's experiments? | The parent or the pure generation
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| 8) What did he do to the “P” generation to produce the “F1” generation? | He interrupted the self pollenation process by removing the male parts of the flower
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| 9) What does the “F1” generation represent? | The first generation of offspring
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| 10) How did he pollinate the “F1” generation? | He allowed them to self pollinate
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| 11) After crossing the “P” generation, what was the phenotype of the “F1” generation? | All offspring were purple
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| 12) After crossing the “F1” generation, what was the phenotype(s) of the “F2” generation? | 75% were purple; 25% were white flowers
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| 13) List the seven “either-or” traits Mendel studied in his plants. | . Pea shape; pea color; pod color; pod shape; flower color; plant height; flower position
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| 14) What were the 3 important conclusions Mendel drew from his experimen– | Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent; –The two copies segregate during gamete formation
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| 15) As a result of these conclusions, what law was developed? | The law of segregation
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| 16) What is a gene? | A piece of DNA that directs a cell to make a certain protein
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| 17) What is a locus? | a specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes
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| 18) What is an allele? | any alternative form of a gene occurring at a specific locus on a chromosome
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| 19) How many alleles does an offspring receive from its parents? | One from each parent
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| 20) If two alleles are the same at a specific locus, that pair is called what? | Homologous
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| 21) If two alleles are different at a specific locus, that pair is called what? | Heterozygous
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| 22) What do genes influence? | Development of traits
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| 23) What is the term used for “an organism's genetic material”? | genome
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| 24) What is a genotype? | The genetic make-up; the combination of alleles
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| 25) What is a phenotype? | The physical appearance
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| 26) How do you represent alleles? | With letters
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| 27) How do you write a dominant allele? | With a capital letter
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| 28) How do you write a recessive allele? | With a lower case letter
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| 29) What is a Punnett square? | A grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross
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| 30) What does it represent? | The probability of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
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| 31) What is a monohybrid cross? | A cross involving one trait
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| 32) What is a test cross? | A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype
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| 33) What is a dihybrid cross? | A cross involving two traits
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| 34) What is the law of independent assortment? | States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis.
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| 35) What is probability? | The likelihood that something will happen
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| 36) What does probability predict? | An average number of occurrences
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| 37) How do you calculate probability? | The number of ways a specific event can occur divided by the number of total possible outcomes
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| 38) Crossing over during meiosis increases what? | Genetic diversity
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| 39) What happens to genes that are located farther apart from one another on a chromosome? | They are more likely to be separated by crossing over
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| 40) What is genetic linkage? | Genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together
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