Clinical 1 -- Review
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| the state of being free from all pathogenic organisms | asepsis
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| microorganisms that cause disease | pathogens
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| healthy bacteria that protects us against infection | normal flora
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| people; equipment; food; water; animals; insects are examples of | reservoirs; source
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| What are the most common infectious agent | bacteria; viruses; fungi; parasites; rickettsia
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| infectious agent leaves the reservoir through a | portal of exit
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| person that is capable of being infected | susceptible host
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| the stages of the infectious disease process | incubation; prodromal; acute; declining; convalescent
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| treat all blood/body fluids as if they are infectious | universal precautions
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| PPE stands for | personal protective equipment
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| PPE includes | gloves; mask; gown; face shield; head cover; shoe cover
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| washing and scrubbing equipment to remove blood and tissue | sanitization
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| process of using chemicals to kill microorganisms | disinfection
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| process of destroying all forms of living microorganisms | sterilization
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| sterilization in an autoclave is achieved at what temp | 250-270 f
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| practice used to reduce the amount of microorganisms once they leave the body | medical asepsis
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| process by which disposable medical equipment and body parts are destroyed by flame | incineration
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| this is not a substitute for wearing gloves | hand washing
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| first line of defense to decreasing the spread of microorganisms | hand washing
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| sterilizing articles using steam under pressure | autoclaving
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| single or loosely wrapped items are sterilized using autoclave in | 30 minutes
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| shelf life for items in sterilization paper or cloth | 30 days
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| serrations on an instrument help to | grip
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| instrument used to puncture tissue will have | teeth
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| instrument used to scrape and remove | curette
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| instrument used to pull back tissue to increase field of vision | retractor
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| most common local anesthetics | lidocaine; xylocaine
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| bandaging to immobilize a joint is done in | figure eight
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| most common method of bandaging is | spiral
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| stage one of would healing | inflammatory
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| stage two of wound healing | proliferative
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| stage three of wound healing | maturation
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| when identifying a patient always use | two identifiers
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| when applying antiseptic soap to the skin in concentric circles | center outward
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| what is achieved by applying a moist dressing, allowing it to dry, and then removing it | autolytic debridement
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| prior to any procedure you should have the patient | empty their bladder
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| alternative wound care for delayed healing using oxygen | hyperbaric chamber
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| dressing placed over a primary dressing to assist with fluid absorption is classified as | secondary dressing
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| which instrument is used to hold sterile drapes/towels in place | towel clamp
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| what uses electricity to cut and cauterized blood vessels | electric cautery; bove
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| what sterile drape is used to expose the surgical site | fenestrated drape
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| an epidural is what type of anesthesia | regional
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| who is responsible for applying the dressing after a procedure | medical assistant
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| what type of anesthesia is used for major surgery | general
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| what type of drainage is purulent | pus
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| what procedure is done to an abcess/cyst and may require packing | incision and drainage
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| what instrument is used to stop bleeding | hemostat; electric cautery
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| autoclaving multiple wrapped items are sterilized for | 40 minutes
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| shelf life for items after autoclaving with the addition of sterility maintenance covers | 6 months
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| disinfectants don't always kill | spores
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| alcohol based hand sanitizers should contain what percentage of alcohol | 60-90%
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| common low level household disinfectants | bleach; isopropyl alcohol
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| placed on the inside of a surgical pack that confirms proper sterilization | internal indicators
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| placed on the outside of a surgical pack to seal the wrapping and ensure proper sterilization | autoclave tape
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| shelf life of instruments using sterilization pouches | 6-12 months
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| agent capable of producing immunity to an infectious disease | vaccine
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| occurs as a results of being exposed to a pathogen | natural immunity
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| occurs after being injected with either the antigen or antibody | artificial immunity
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| includes universal precautions but holds the health care worker responsible for using additional PPE | standard precautions
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| sterilizing instruments using a chemical | cold sterilization
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| when instruments are placed in a lubricating solution following cleaning, it is known as | milking the instruments
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| instruments used to improve visualization | dilators; probes; scopes; speculum; retractors
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| holds the edges of a wound together to promote faster healing and reduce scarring | sutures
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| type of suture material used on internal structures and does not need to be removed | absorbable
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| most common suture material used, needs to be removed | nonabsorbable
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| reversible loss of consciousness used during major surgery | general anesthesia
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| suture removal for scalp and trunk | 7-10 days
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| suture removal for face | 3-5 days
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| suture removal for arms and legs | 10-14 days
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| suture removal for joints | 14 days
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| smallest suture size available | 6.0
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| type of closure indicated for superficial wounds and can also reinforce sutures | sterile skin closures/steri-strips
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| part of a surgical instrument that determines its use | tip
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| type of antimicrobial soap given to patients to use before a surgical procedure | hibiclens
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| common antiseptic used during surgery | betadine/iodine
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| procedure to remove unwanted tissue like a wart using liquid nitrogen | cryosurgery
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| closing of a wound | laceration repair
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| used to flush and clean open wounds | sterile saline
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| done on an abcess or cyst and may involve packing | incision and drainage (I&A)
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| dressing that is placed directly over the wound | primary dressing
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| dressing placed over the primary dressing to assist with fluid absorption | secondary dressing
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| sterile solutions should be gently poured | 2-6 inches over the field
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| surgical scrub is done for | 2-6 minutes
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| sterile dressings are used to | keep out dirt and bacteria
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| prescriptions usually given to the patient postoperatively | analgesic and antibiotic
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| how far should the bandage extend beyond the dressing | 1-2 inches
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| bandages should be applied | distal to proximal
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| medicine that prevents or lessens the severity of a disease | prophylactic
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| must be a written prescription only done by a practitioner | schedule II drugs
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| drugs official chemical name | generic
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| name of a drug that is patented by a manufacturer | trade
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| any substance that produces a change in the function of a living organism | drug
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| the study of drugs | pharmacology
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| medications from a plant | digitalis and opium
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| medications from animals | insulin the thyroid
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| medications from minerals | silver nitrate and sulfur
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| a substance used in treatment to relieve symptoms | therapeutic
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| a medicinal product used in addition with other procedures to detect abnormalities | diagnostic
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| analgesic | Tylenol; Vicodin
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| anesthetic | lidocaine; novacaine
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| antianxiety | Xanax
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| antibiotic | Zithromax
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| anticoagulant | Coumadin
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| antidepressant | Paxil
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| antihistamine | Zyrtec
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| anti inflammatory | Motrin
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| antimaniac | lithium
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| antipsychotic | Seroquel
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| diuretic | Lasix
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| muscle relaxant | flexural
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| antiviral | zovirax
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| corticosteroid | prednisone
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| solid oral medication | tablets, capsule, caplet, gel caps
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| cholesterol lowering agent | Lipitor
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| drugs with high potential for abuse; accepted medical use; morphine | schedule 2
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| less potential for abuse; hydrocone | schedule 3
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| highest potential for abuse; not approved for medical use; heroine | schedule 1
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| a secondary effect of a medication in addition to the therapeutic effect | side effect; adverse reaction
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| low potential for abuse; Xanax | schedule 4
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| DEA | drug enforcement agency
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| seven rights of drug administration | RIGHT: patient; drug; dose; route; time; technique; documentation
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| medicines that pass through the organs of digestion | enteral
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| a drug reaction that results in the formation of antibodies against that specific drug | drug allergy
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| may be called into the pharmacy and refilled up to five times in six months | schedule 3-5
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| the primary system of measurement used in pharmacology | metric system
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| this unit measures length | meter
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| this unit measures mass(weight) | gram
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| this unit measures volume | liter
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| intradermal injections are given at what angle | 15 degrees
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| example of an intradermal injection | PPD and allergy testing
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| formula for drug calculations | want/have X amount
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| tip of syringe that is threaded | leur lock
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| routes of parenteral administration | injection; intravenous; transmucosal; transdermal; topical; inhalation
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| routes of enteral admistration | oral; rectal; nasogastric
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| preferred injection site for young children | vastis lateralis
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| when withdrawing medication from a vial you should check the label | three times
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| site for Intradermal injections | inner forearm and middle of back
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| site for IM injections | deltoid; vastis lateralis; ventrogluteal;dorsalgluteal
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| site for subcutaneous injections | outer upper arm; lower abdomen
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| how long should a patient wait following an injection for a possible reaction | 20-30 minutes
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| what do you do when administering an injection to ensure that you are not in a blood vessel | aspirate
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| example of a schedule 2 drug | morphine and dilaudid
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| acetaminophen and ibuprofen are examples of what drug name | generic
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| Motrin and Tylenol are examples of what drug name | trade
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| GI upset is an example of | side effect/adverse effect
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| just before injecting a patient with a medication you should | change the needle and check the patients allergy status
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| MA are qualified to give what type of injections? | IM; ID; SC
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| MAs are not allowed to insert | IVs
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| one teaspoon is equal to | 5ml or 5cc
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| drug that is absorbed into the bloodstream | systemic
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| drug that has an affect at the site of injection | local
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| drug that is administered in one site and has an affect in another area | remote
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