***Pulju OGT study cards - HISTORY D
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Nationalism | Extreme national pride led to plans for expansion and a willingness to fight.
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Imperialism | Western nations competed for the power and wealth that the colonies in Asia and Africa brought to them, which led to anger and grudges among Western nations.
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Militarism | Nations armed themselves, making an armed conflict quicker to start with more lethal results.
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Systems of alliances | Nations signed mutual defense agreements with some of their neighbors; when one member fought , they all fought
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League of Nations | An international organization was formed to allow nations to discuss problems and prevent war; the U.S. did not join.
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Depression | A worldwide depression started in the decade after the end of the war.
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Disarmament | Losing nations were forced to disarm; they resented it and defied the order.
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Dictators | after the war and during the Depression strong leaders(for example, Adolph Hitler) gained power in many nations.
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nationalism | idea that your national culture and interests are superior to any other
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militarism | Glorifying military power and keeping an army always ready for war.
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Allied Powers | Great Britain, France, Russia
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Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
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"Spark" that started WWI | Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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U-boats | German weapon that threatened US and allied ships
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Germany | Treaty of Versailles was very harsh for this country
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neutral | US position at the start of WWI and WWII
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reparations | payment for damages after a war
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Hitler | WWII Leader of Germany
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Mussolini | WWII leader of Italy
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Mein Kampf, "My Struggle" | Book written by Hitler
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Poland | Hitler's invasion of this country started WWII
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USA and Soviet Union | Super powers of the Cold War After WWII
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Democracy | rule by the people
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Communism | all rule and ownership by the government
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Iron Curtain | Europe's division into democratic western and communistic eastern Europe.
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containment policy | Efforts to stop the spread of communism
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Marshall Plan | giving money to European countries to help boost economies for democracies
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NATO | Alliance created to protect the west from communism
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Berlin Wall | built to keep people from leaving east Germany
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Cuba | became communist under Castro; near USA
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nuclear war | Cuban Missile Crisis brought us close to this
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Aggression/Expansion | Both Germany and Japan sought to take control of other countries by force and intimidation.
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Appeasement | Britain chose to give in to (appease) Hitler's conquest of Czechoslovakia and Austria.
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Revenge | Germany sought revenge against the Allies for the harsh terms of surrender after WW I.
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Cost in deaths/dollars | 55 million people killed. European nations and Japan sustained millions of dollars in damage.
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Losing Nations | Germany and Japan were defeated and placed under Allied control.
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Marshall Plan | The U.S. rebuilt Germany and Europe and also rebuilt Japan under the leadership of General Douglas Mac Arthur.
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United Nations | The U.N. was formed to prevent future wars and aggression.
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Israel | The state of Israel was formed as a homeland for Jews.
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Name the four European causes of war | Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliance system
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Where was the assassination that started World War One? Who was assassinated? | Bosnia;Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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What part or the war caused starvation in Germany? | The British Blockade
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How did the U.S. get past the German U-boats on the way to Europe? | Convoy system
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What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act? | To meet the governments need for more fighthing power
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Name all new weapons used in WWI? | machine guns, airplanes, Posion gas, grenades, subs, and tanks
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What major country suffered the fewest casualties during World War 1? | United States
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What major country suffered the most casualities during World War 1? | Russia
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Name 4 countries that were known as the "Big Four" at the peace treaty meetings. | France, U.S., Great Britain, Italy Allies
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Who was against Wilson's 14 points plan for peace? | U.S. Senate
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Why didn't the Senate like the idea of joining the Leauge of Nations? | Isolationsim- threatened US foreign policy by being dragged into another foreign war
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Name the policy we had at the beginning of the war | Neutrality
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Nationalism | Devotion to interests, culture, of ones nation
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Militarism | Devolpment of armed forces, their use in diplamacy
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Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hugary, Ottoman Empire
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What caused the fighting between Autria-Hungary and Serbia to become a World war? | Secret Alliiances
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Selective Service Act | Men register randomly chosen for service
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What major gain did women get after WWI | The right to vote-19th ammendment
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The biggest problem with the Treaty of Versailles | It humiliated Germany and made it so there was no way they could repay for the war damages
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How did the Espionage and Sedection Acts affect free speech? | did not allow people to talk or write about the war or you could be put in jail
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Three members of the Triple Entente | France, Britian and Russia
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The 3 major members of the Central Powers | Germany, Austir-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
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dictator | an absolute or total ruler who seizes control of the gov't
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fascism | a political gov't that puts the needs of the nation above the needs of an individual
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communism | promised a society in which property would be shard be everyone
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police state | a country in which the gov't has total control over people and uses secret police to find and punish people who rebel or protest
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aggression | warlike action such as an invasion or attack
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genocide | the planned killing of a race of people
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holocost | the Nazi killing of the Jewish people in WWII
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concentration camp | a prision where the enemies of the German gov't were gathered involuntarily
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crematoriun | ovens used to burn the bodies of death camp victams
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black shirts | the secret police or Nazi political police
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getto | an enclosed and restricted area of a city in which Jews were required to live
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SS | Hitler's personal guards, also known as the Black Shirts
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Poland | Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp in this country
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Dachau | the first concentration camp established in Munich in 1933
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resistance | underground organization engaged in a struggle for liberation
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David | the six pointed star used as a symbol Germans forced Jews to wear for indentification
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Gestapo | elite SS spies
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Cold War | War without a fight between Russia & U.S. to see who could reach the moon and build up nuclear weapons
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Civil Rights Movement | movement to ensure all Americans had basic everyday rights
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Federal Reserve | manages nation's economy by raising( to get people to save) and lower (to get people to spend)
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New Deal | FDR's plan to combat the great depression
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Treaty of Versailles | ended WWI -put all the blame on Germany
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Civil disobedience | legal form of protest to bring about government change
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Red Scare | fear of the spread of communism
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Berlin wall | imaginary line in Europe that separates the communist countries
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Marshall Plan | U.S. program to rebuild Europe after WWII
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Truman doctrine | policy to help support free people around the world
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1993 NAFTA | this organization worked for free trade around the world, western hemishpere
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to work in factories | the reason that farmers moved to cities from the farms
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Bay of Pigs | U.S. invasion of Cuba to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro
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Failed | What happened to the invasion of Cuba known as the Bay of Pigs
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Used oil to pay back debts | In 1970 Mexico's increased prosperity was a result of this
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Cuban-Missle Crisis | Soviet Union planted missles in Cuba pointed at the US; the US had missles in Turkey pointed at the Soviet Union
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Fidel Castro | Young lawyer; in 1956 he a began a Guerilla movement against Bastia. – becomes the leader of communist cuba
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John F. Kennedy | US president who adopted a dymanic foreign policy to impress the Soviet Union with American strength
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Soviet Union | the country that Castro turned to for help
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Containment | the post- World War II policy of the US to limit communist espansion to areas already controlled by the Soviet Union
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Pearl Harbor | Japan's attack of U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 prompted the U.S. to enter WW II.
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Assassinated | Killing or murdering someone by surprise, especially a political leader or other public figure.
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Heir | someone who inherits the property, position, or title of another simply because he or she is related to that person.
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Ottoman Empire | an area stretching from present day Turkey to southern Europe and from the Middle East to North Africa.
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continent | one of the 7 large land masses in the world
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nationalism | loyalty to one's own nation or country; especially putting one nation above all others, with major emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests
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Cold War | a term used to refer to the stare of tension an hostility between the US and the soviet Union for four decades after WWII
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totalitarian | a political system in which the state, or the governing branch of the state, holds absolute authority, not allowing any opposition group
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militarism | the principle or policy of maintaining a large military establishment
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reparations | compensation (money) payable by a defeated country to another country for loss suffered during or as a result of war
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appeasement | policy of giving into an aggressor's demands in order to keep the peace
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containment | a policy aimed at controlling the spread of communism around the world
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Cold War | a state of political tension and military rivalry between nations that stops short of full-scale war
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communism | theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members
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Treaty of Versailles | Treaty signed after WWI imposing reparations on Germany. They also took full blame for the war.
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conscientious objector | refusal on moral or religious grounds to bear arms in a military conflict or to serve in the armed forces
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United Nations | an international organization composed of most of the countries of the world; it was founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and economic development – This new organization was an upgrade form of the League of nations
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Korean War | Fought in the 1950's by the U.S. to contain communism.
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Vietnam War | Fought in the 1960's and 1970's by the U.S. to contain communism.
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Cold War | A time of political tension and military rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union following WW II.
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