cardiovascular system review
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Describe capillaries. | Join arterial system with venous system Most significant of blood vessels Provide cells with vital products Remove waste products from cells
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Describe the heart. | Hollow, muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to entire body
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Describe the SA node. (sinoatrial ) | Located in upper portion of right atrium Has built-in rhythm Initiates and transmits each heart beat Sets basic pace for cardiac rate
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How do veins return blood to the heart? | Skeletal muscle contraction
Gravity Respiratory activity Valves
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How is blood supplied to the heart muscle? | Coronary arteries
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Name the factors that influence blood pressure. | Resistance of blood flow Pumping action of heart Viscosity of blood Elasticity of arteries Quantity of blood
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Name the four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart | SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers
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Name the three layers of the heart. | Endocardium
Myocardium Epicardium
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What are the three layers of artery walls? | Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima
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What are the three major types of blood vessels? | Arteries Capillaries Veins
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What are valves? | Small structures within veins that prevent backflow of blood
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What is endocarditis? | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves
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What type of blood do arteries carry? | Oxygenated
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What type of blood do veins carry? | Deoxygenated
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Where is each heart valve located? | Tricuspid
o Right ventricle and right atrium
Pulmonic
o Pulmonary arteries and right ventricle
Bicuspid AKA Mitral
o Left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic
o Aorta and left ventricle
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Angioplasty | Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed
blood vessels
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Cardioversion | Applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of
the chest
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DVT (deep vein thrombosis) | Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body
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Thrombosis | Blood clot that obstructs a vessel
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Bicuspid valve | Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle;
aka mitral valve
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Pulmonary artery | Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
to the lungs
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Pulmonary vein | Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the
lungs
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Beta-blockers (beta blockers) | Causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility
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Inferior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the
lower portion to the right atrium
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Superior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top
portion to the right atrium
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Varicose veins | Condition which develops when the valves of the
veins are damaged
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Hypertension | Consistently elevated blood pressure
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Hypotension | Decreased blood pressure
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Thrombolysis | Destruction of a blood clot
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Catheter ablation | Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart
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Necrosis | Destruction of tissue
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Stent | Device used to hold open vessels
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Nitrates | Dilate blood vessels of the heart
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Holter monitor | ECG recording system capable of storing 24 to 48
hours of tracings
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Pericardium | Fibrous sac which encloses the heart
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Atherosclerosis | Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of
plaque in the arteries
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Arteriosclerosis | Hardening and narrowing of an artery
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Arrhythmia | Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus
rhythm
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Insufficiency | Inability of the valves to close properly
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Valvotomy | Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening
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Diuretics | Increase excretion of water and sodium
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Phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein
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Endocardium | Innermost layer of the heart
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Angina | Intermittent chest pain
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MI (myocardial infarction) | Life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in
the myocardium
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Ischemia | Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply
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Aneurysm | Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel
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Tricuspid valve | Located between the right atrium and right ventricle
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ACE inhibitors | Lowers blood pressure
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Statins | Lowers cholesterol
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Embolism | Mass lodged in a blood vessel
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Myocardium | Muscular layer of the heart
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Coarctation | Narrowing of a vessel
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Infarction | Necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply
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Epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart
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Cardiac catheterization | Passage of a catheter into the heart
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Pulmonic valve | Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
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Laser ablation | Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
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Palpitation | Sensation that the heart is not beating normally
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Lipid panel | Series of tests used to assess risk of ischemic heart
disease
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Bruit | Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation
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Systole | The contraction phase of the heart
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Diastole | The relaxation phase of the heart
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Doppler u/s | Ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart
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Echocardiogram | Ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures
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AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm
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ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme
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AF | atrial fibrillation
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BBB | bundle branch block
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CABG | coronary artery bypass graft
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CC | cardiac catheterization
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CCU | coronary care unit
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CHD | coronary heart disease
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CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CV | cardiovascular
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DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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DVT | deep vein thrombosis
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ECG | electrocardiogram
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ECHO | echocardiogram
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EF | ejection fraction
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HF | heart failure
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HTN | hypertension
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IV | intravenous
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LA | left atrium
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LV | left ventricle
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MRA | magnetic resonance angiography
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MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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MVP | mitral valve prolapse
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PAC | premature atrial contraction
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PVC | premature vascular contraction
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SA | sinoatrial
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SOB | shortness of breath
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VT | ventricular tachycardia
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