Mr. Rabideau's 10th grade government class vocab
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| amnesty | a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators
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| apportioned | distribute, as in seats in a legislative body
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| at-large election | election of an office holder by the voters of an entire governmental unit, rather than by the voters of a district or subdivision
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| balance the ticket | when a presidential candidate chooses a running mate who can strengthen his chance of being elected by virtue of certian ideological,geographic,racial,ethnic,gender,or other characteristics
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| bureaucrat | a person who works for a bureaucratic organization
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| chief administrator | term for the president as head of the administration of the federal government
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| chief citizen | term for the president as the representative of the people, working for the public interest
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| chief diplomat | term for the president as the main architect of foreign policy and spokesperson to other countries
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| chief executive | term for the president as vested with the executive power of the U.S.
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| chief legislator | term for the president as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for congress
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| chief of state | term for the president as the ceremonial head of the U.S. the symbol of all the people of the nation
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| clemency | mercy or leniency granted to an offender by a chief executive
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| coalition | a temporary alliance of several groups who come together to form a working majority and so to control a government
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| commander in chief | term for the president as commander of the nations armed forces
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| commutation | the power to reduce the length of a sentence or fine for a crime
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| discharge petition | a procedure enabeling members to force a bill that has been pigeonholed in committee onto the floor for consideration
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| electoral college | group of persons chosen in each state and the district of columbia every four years, who make a formal selection of the president and vice president
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| electorate | all of the people entitled to vote in a given election
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| executive agreement | a pact made by the president directly with the head of a foreign state; a binding international agreement with the force of law but which does not require senate consent
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| executive article | article II of the constitution. Established the presidency and gives the executive power of the federal government to the president
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| executive office of the president | an organization of several agencies staffed bu the Presidents closest advisors
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| executive order | directive, rule, or regulation issued by a chief executive or subordinates, based upon constitutional or statutory authority, and having the force of law
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| filibuster | various tactics aimed at defeating a bill in a legislative body by preventing a final vote
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| gerrymandered | the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group
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| government corporation | corporations within the executive branch subject to the presidents direction and control, setup by congress to carry out certain business-like activities
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| independent executive agencies | agencies headed by a single administrator with regional subunits, but lacking cabinet status
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| independent regulatory commissions | independent agencies designed to regulate important aspects of the nations economy, largely beyond the reach of the presidents control
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| keynote address | speech given at a party convention to set the tone for the convention and the campaign to come
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| pardon | release from the punishment or legal consequences of a crime by the President(federal) or governor(state)
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| partisanship | government action based on firm allegiance to a political party
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| party caucus | a closed meeting of a partys House or Senate members, also called a party conference
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| patronage | the practice of giving jobs to supporters and friends
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| persona non grata | an unwelcome person, used to describe recalled diplomatic officials
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| platform | a political partys formmal statement of basic principles, stands on major issues and objectives
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| precint | the smallest unit of election administration, a voting district
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| presidential electors | a person elected by the voters to represent them in making a formal selection of the vice president and president
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| presidential primary | an election in which a partys voters 1)choose state party organizations delegates to their partys national convention and 2)express a preference for their party's presidential nomination
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| presidential succession | scheme by which a presidential vacancy is filled
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| proportional representation | a rule applied in democratic primaries where by any candidate who wins at least 15% of the votes gets the number of state democratic convention delegates based on his/her share of that primary vote
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| quorum | least number of members who must be present for a legislative body to conduct business; majority
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| reapportion | redistribute, as in seats in a legislative body
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| recognition | the exclusive power of a president to recognize foreign states
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| register | a record or list of names, often kept by an official appointed to do so
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| reprieve | an official postponement of the execution of a sentence
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| resolution | a measure relating to the business of either house, or expression an opinion; does not have the force of law and does not require the presidents signature
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| rider | unpopular provision added onto an important bill certain to pass so that it will "ride" through the legislative process
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| secretary | an official in charge of a department of government
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| session | period of time during which, each year,, congress assembles and conducts business
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| single-issue parties | parties that concentrate on only one public policy matter
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| single member district | electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office
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| special session | an extraordinary session of a legislative body, called to deal with an emergency
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| splinter parties | parties that have split away from one of the major parties
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| term | two year period of time during which congress meets
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| treaty | a formal agreement between two or more soverign states
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| winner-take-all | an almost obsolete system where by a presidential aspirant who won the preference vote in a primary automatically won all delegates chosen in the primary
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