WVSOM ventricular system neuro
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| Where is the 4th ventricle? | On the dorsal surface of the brainstem beneath the cerebellum
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| How does the 4th ventricle connect with the subarachnoid space? | through lateral progections called foramen of Luschke, and central opening called median aperture or foramen of Magendie
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| What is the foramen of magendie? | the median aperature of the 4th ventricle that provides communication with the subarachnoid space
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| What forms the roof of the 4th ventricle? | superior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary velum
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| How far rostrally does the 4th ventricle extend? | up to the pontomesencephalic junction where it becomes continuous with the cerebral aqueduct
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| Where is the cerebral aqueduct? | passes throughout the length of the midbrain, beneath the colliculi to end of 3rd ventricle
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| What is the 3rd ventricle and what makes it borders? | a narrow slit like cavity, walls formed by thalamus and hypothalamus on sides, rostral border made by lamina terminalis
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| Where is the interventricular foramen? | lies in the rostral part of ventricle
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| What is the function of the interventricular foramen? | provides communication to lateral ventricle located within each cerebral hemisphere to the 3rd ventricle
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| What is the shape of the lateral ventricles? | C shaped
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| What does the lateral ventricle consist of? | anterior frontal horns, body, posterior occipital, and inferior temporal horns
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| The lateral ventricles contain large amount of what? | choroid plexus
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| What is the function of choroid plexus? | to make CSF
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| Where is CSF produced? | by choroid plexus in lateral ventricles
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| What forms the choroid plexus? | very convoluted invaginatinos of vascular pia mater into ventricular lumen
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| What is the function of ependymal cells in the choroid plexus? | they secrete sodium in CSF
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| What does the choroid plexus consist of? | mass of capillaries projecting into ventricles, large, thin walled and fenestrated
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| How is CSF secreted? | active secretion of sodium ions into CSF, causing passive movement of water from choroid capillaries
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| How much CSF is made daily? | 400-500mls, recycled 3x a day
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| State the circulation of CSF from choroid plexus? | choroid plexus>lateral ventricle>interventricular foramen>3rd ventricle>cerebral aqueduct>4th ventricle>minority to lateral aperture, majority to median aperture>subarachnoid space>around spinal cord and brain
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| Where is CSF reabsorbed? | venous system by passing into dural venous sinuses (mostly superior sagital sinus) through arachnoid villi
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| Why does reabsorption of CSF occur through arachnoid villi space? | higher hydrostatic pressure in subarachnoid space than in the sinus lumen
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| What are the two forms of hydrocephalus? | communicating and non-communicating
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| What is communicating hydrocephalus? | impaired CSF reabsorption, obstruction of flow in SAS, or in rare cases excess CSF production
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| What is Non-communicating hydrocephalus? | obstruction of flow within the ventricular system; common at narrow points like foramen or aqueduct
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| What are the symptoms of hydrocephalus? | headache, nausea/ vomiting, cognitive impairment, decreased level of consciousness, papilledema, and decreased visual function
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