Virus and Bacteria Review
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| capsid | part of virus made of protein, outside coat
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| core | inside part of virus that is made of nucleic acid
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| nucleic acid | genetic material, DNA or RNA
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| Lytic and Lysogenic cylce | cylce that viruses use to replicate
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| envelope | an extra protective coating that some virus have on the outside of the capsid
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| spikes or tail fibers | part of a virus that helps it attach to the host cell
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| host cell | cell that a virus infects (can be any living thing)
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| vaccine | weakened form of a virus that is injected into an organisms to help build immunity
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| bacteria | living organisms that is unicellular, prokaryotic, and can be a producer or consumer
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| Archaebacteria and Eubacteria | the two kingdoms of Bacteria
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| unicellular | made of only one cell
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| multicellular | made of more than one cell
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| prokaryotic | does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, bacteria ONLY
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| eukaryotic | has a nucleus
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| endospore | extra protective coat that forms around a bacteria when they are in harsh conditions
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| Archaebacteria | bacteria that live in extreme conditions
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| Eubacteria | bacteria that live in common environments, like strep throat
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| Nitrogen Fixation | a benefit of bacteria, they live on the roots of plants and help them absorb nutrients
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| Benefits of bacteria | food, medicine, nitrogen fixation, decomposers
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| True or False, bacteria have a cell wall | TRUE
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| True or False, viruses are living | False- they need a host to replicate
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| True or False, flagella help a bacteria to move | True, a flagella is a long whiplike structure used to move.
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| True or False, bacteria and viruses have nucleic acid | True, both have DNA or RNA
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| Antibiotic | medicine taken to kill bacteria, is NOT affective in getting rid of a virus
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| Lytic Cycle | replication cycle of virus, take over host immediately. (cold, flu, etc)
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| Lysogenic Cycle | replication cycle of virus, contains a provirus that hides in the host until stimulated to take over and use the host cell to replicate (HIV, chicken pox)
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| provirus | part of the virus DNA that inserts itself into the host DNA and replicates when the host replicates. Part of the lysogenic cycle
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| Can bacteria reproduce sexually and asexually | YES, binary fission (asexual) and conjugation (sexual)
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| prion | type of virus that only contains protein in the core (instead of the usual RNA or DNA core)
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| retrovirus | a type of virus, such as HIV, that contains a RNA core that replicates from RNA to DNA (instead of the usual DNA to RNA)
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| viroid | a virus that only infects plants that is made of pure RNA, no protein
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| vaccine | a injection of a weakened form of a virus that enables the organism injected to build up immunity
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| type of virus cycle that the common cold and the flu follow | Lytic Cycle, you know immediately when you have the flu or cold and your body can immediately start to fight back.
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| type of virus cycle that HIV follows | Lysogenic Cycle, HIV can remain dormant in your cells until stimulated, then all cells rupture at the same time letting out too many viruses for your body to combat
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| are viruses living or non-living | Non-living, they must have a host to replicate.
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| 2 main parts of every virus | Core and capsid
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| material that is usually found in the core | DNA or RNA
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| material that the capsid is usually made of | protein
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| bacteriophage | a virus that infects a bacteria cell
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| extra coating on some animal viruses that adds extra protection to the virus | envelope
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| function of spikes on some viruses | to help attach to the host cell
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| order the following in the correct order for the lytic cycle: entry, attach, release, assembly, replicate | Attach, Entry, Replicate, Assembly, Release
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| order the following in the correct order for the lysogenic cycle: entry, attach, release, assembly, replicate, provirus formation, cell division | Attach, Entry, Provirus formation, cell division, replication, assembly, release
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| heterotroph | organisms that can not make its own food and must consume it instead.
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| autotroph | organisms that can automatically make their own food (plants can perform photosynthesis)
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| archabacteria | prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments
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| eubacteria | prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that live in common environments
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| binary fission | asexual reproduction in bacteria, chromosomes are replicated and the cell divides
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| conjugation | sexual bacteria reproduction, process of exchanging genetic material through cell to cell contact
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| 3 good uses of bacteria | decomposers, nitrogen fixation in plants, used in food & medicine
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| what bacteria and viruses have in common | they can both be pathogens(cause disease)
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| pathogen | something that causes a disease or illness
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