True/False: Cellular physiology of the nervous system
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| The output of a neuron is a binary signal. | True, the output is all or nothing. Intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of the firing neuron.
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| Projection neurons typically have short axons. | False, projection neurons (Golgi type I neurons) have long axons which enable them to influence distant cells within the nervous system.
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| The resting neuron contains a higher concentration of potassium within the cell compared with the outside. | True, in addition, the resting cell contains far less sodium than outside.
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| The equilibrium potential for potassium is -74.8 V. | False, the equilibrium potential for potassium is -74.8 mV.
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| The smaller the axonal diameter, the faster an action potential travels along the axon. | False, the larger the diameter of the axon, the lower the internal resistance and the faster the action potential travels.
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| The majority of synapses in the nervous system are electrical. | False, the majority of synapses are chemically operated.
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| In an electrical synapse there is cytoplasmic continuity between cells. | True, as opposed to chemical synapses where there is no such continuity.
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| Typically, the distance between cells at an electrical synapse is less than that at a chemical synapse. | True, the space between cells of an electrical synapse is approx. 2nm whereas the distance between cells of a chemical synapse is approx. 30-50nm.
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| Electrical synapses are invariably unidirectional. | False, electrical synapses may work one way or both ways. Chemical synapses are one way.
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| Axosomatic synapses are usually inhibitory. | True, when axosomatic synapses are placed close to the axon hillock, they inhibit firing more efficiently than an axodendritic synapse.
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| Noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. | False, acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction and also at many synapses in the autonomic nervous system.
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| Glutamate and aspartate are examples of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters. | True, there are two main types of glutamate receptor, AMPA and NMDA.
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| Neuropeptide-Y is an example of an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. | False, neuropeptide-Y is a peptide neurotransmitter. Examples of inihibitory amino acid neurotransmitters include GABA and glycine.
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| Myasthenia gravis is a condition caused by antibodies to the pre-synaptic acetylcholine receptor. | False, myasthenia gravis is caused by antibodies to the post-synaptic acetylcholine receptor.
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| Myasthenia gravis can be diagnosed by improvement of symptoms when given a short-acting anticholinesterase. | True, this is called the Tensilon test.
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| C fibres are myelinated. | False, C fibres are unmyelinated.
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| Information from nociceptors is transported in A delta and C fibres. | True, information from cold thermoreceptors is also transmitted in A delta fibres.
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| Proprioceptive information is carried in A delta fibres. | True, these fibres have a large axonal diameter (20 micrometers) and a high conduction speed (120 m/s).
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| A beta fibres are unmyelinated. | False, A alpha fibres are myelinated.
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| C fibres have a higher conduction velocity than A alpha fibres. | False A alpha fibres have a higher conduction velocity than C fibres because they are myelinated.
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