A&P.eyes.chap15
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| eyelids | palpebrae
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| space between the two eyelids | palpebrae fissure
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| angles where eyelids join | canthi (corners)
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| canthus beside nose (or medial canthus) | caruncle "mound of tissue" - contain sweat and sebaceous glands
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| conjunctiva (2 kinds) | palpebral conjunctiva - covers inner surface of eyelids 2. bulbar conjunctiva - covers anterior white surface of the eye
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| where do the palpebrae & bulbar conjunctiva meet? | called the superior (upper eyelid) and infereior (lower eyelid) conjunctival fornices
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| conjunctivits - pinkeye - inflammation |
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| lacrimal apparatus | lacrimal gland above eye - washes eye toward nose - parasympathetic fibers from FACIAL NERVE VII - lucky 7 - you'll cry when you hit 7!!
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| how many tears per day? | 1 mL- tears are water, salts, mucus, & lysozyme (kills bacteria)
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| where do tears go? | most evaporate; rest collected in lacrimal canalicul (canals) & go through lacrimal sac to nasolacrimal duct
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| extrinsic muscles - 6 in all | superior, inferior, medial and lateral RECTUS (straight) muscles - controled by Oculomotor nerve III
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| superior muscles | it's so superior - it needs a pulley - the trochlear nerve controls Cranial nerve IV -
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| lateral rectus muscle | innervated by abducent nerve (VI)
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| three tunics of eye | fibrous tunic (sclera, cornea) the vascular tunic (choroid, ciliary body and iris and 3. nervous tunic - retina
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| sclera | dense collagenous connective tissue with elastic fibers
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| what is connected to the sclera? | the bulbar conjunctiva is loosely connected to the sclera
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| cornea IMPORTANT | avascular - transparent structure - is a lens that bends light - connective tissue - few large collagen fibers and low water content
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| vascular tunic | short ciliar arteries - pierce the sclera in a cirlce around the optic nerve
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| ophthalmic artery | branc of internal carotid artery
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| what supplies blood to the sclera? | the choroid (means membrane) eye is surround by thin layer of blood vessels
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| ciliary body is continous with | choroid
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| iris is attached to | ciliary body
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| ciliary body consists of | outer ciliary ring - inner group of ciliary processes
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| how are the ciliary processes attached to the lens | by suspensory ligaments
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| ciliary muscles | change shape of lens to focus
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| iris consists of two muscle groups | a circular group called the sphincter pupillae (innervated by oculomotor nerve III) - and a radial group called the dilator pupillae (radiator-dilator)
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| retina | pigmented retina - melanin - black background (does not diffuse light)
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| sensory retina 3 layers | 3 layers of neurons: photoreceptor; bipolar and ganglionic
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| plexiform layers | the three layers synapse with each other
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| rods | rhodopsin - noncolor, low light - over most of retina - but not fovea centralis
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| cone | iodopsin (eye drops of color)- color vision; visual acuity - numerous in fovea
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| fovea centralis | 35,000 cones and no rods
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| 120 million rods | 10-20 times more plentiful
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| what is the general area where light is focused? | macula lutea
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| what is the small area where light is focused? | fovea centralis
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| what is the white spot in the eye? | the optic disk - no photoreceptor cells- blind spot
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| three chambers of the eye | anterior, posterior (with aqueous ) and vitreous with gell
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| aqueous humor is | 1. a blood filtrate that is retunred to circulation via the CANAL OF SCHLEMM (also called the scleral venous sinus)
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| what happens if canal of schlemm is blocked? | glaucoma - abnormal increas in introcular pressure
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| lens is | BICONVEX - with greatest convexity in the back (posterior) side -
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| how does eye see? | light striking retina is converted into action potentials that are relayed to the brain
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| convex lens focuses light | light tends to converge on a point
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| reflection | light rays bounce off an object that is not transparrent
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| emmetropia | "measure" lens normal focus
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| far point of vision | point at which lens does not have to thicken to focusing
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| what happens when object is brought closer than 20 feet to the eye (3 things) | 1. accommodation - objjects are brought closer to eye, so lens is made thicker to focus 2. pupil constriction - depth of focus 3. convergence-both eyes watch moving object
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