Chapter 26 Vocabulary: Nuclear Chemistry
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| alpha particle | positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it consists of two protons and two neutrons and is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom.
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| alpha radiation | alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source.
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| beta particles | a fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it is formed when a neutron decomposes.
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| beta radiation | fast-moving electrons (beta particles) emitted from a radioactive source.
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| fission | the splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments, accompanied by the release of neutrons and a large amount of energy.
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| fusion | a reaction in which two light nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass, accompanied by the release of a large amount of energy.
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| gamma radiation | high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by certain radioactive nuclei; gamma rays have no mass or electrical charge.
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| Geiger counter | a gas-filled metal tube used to detect the presence of beta radiation.
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| half-life | the time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation and decay to products.
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| ionizing radiation | radiation which has enough energy to produce ions by knocking electrons off some of the atoms it strikes.
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| radiation | the penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source; also, the giving off of energy in various forms such as heat, light, or radiowaves.
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| radioactive decay | the process in which an unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting energy.
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| radioactivity | the property by which an atomic nucleus gives off alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
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| radioisotopes | isotopes the have unstable nuclei and undergo radioactive decay.
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| transmutation | the conversion of an atom of one element into an atom of another element by the emission of radiation.
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| transuranium element | an element in the periodic table whose atomic number is above 92.
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| gamma rays | photons which are high-energy (short wavelength) electromagnetic radiation.
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| positron | a particle with the same mass as an electron but opposite charge.
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| positron emission | a radioactive decay process that involves the emission of a positron from a nucleus.
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