Evolutionary Biology
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| The divergence of a common ancestor into several new species in a new environment. Examples: Darwin’s finches and Hawaiian drosopholid flies. | Adaptive radiation
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| Geographic separation of a species. | Allopatry
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| Choosing a mate based on shared physical or behavioral traits. | Assortative mating
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| A rare type of natural selection which favors heterozygotes. | Balancing selection
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| Refers to analogous features. | Convergence
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| A measure of the number of its own alleles that an organism passes to the next generation through reproduction. | Direct fitness
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| A type of natural selection which favors traits at one end of the spectrum. | Directional selection
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| A type of natural selection which favors traits at both ends of the spectrum. | Disruptive selection
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| The accidental replication of a portion of a chromosome. | Duplication
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| A trait that has changed in purpose over time. | Exaptation
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| An increase in the frequency of an allele to 100%; results from either genetic drift or natural selection. | Fixation
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| Transfer of genetic information between two different species. | Horizontal transfer
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| The combination of direct and indirect fitness. | Inclusive fitness
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| A measure of the number of alleles identical to an organism’s own that an organism contributes to the next generation; this is achieved by the organism helping its relations. | Indirect fitness
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| A phenomenon of recombination in which two alleles stay together more than statistically predicted. | linkage disequilibrium
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| Erasmus Darwin’s term for “common ancestor” in his book Zoonomia. | living filament
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| Early Mendelians believed evolution results from this type of mutation. | Macromutation
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| The development of an individual organism. | Ontogeny
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| Charles Darwin’s “much abused” theory of inheritance. | Pangenesis
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| A type of natural selection that favors intermediate traits. | Stabilizing selection
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| Inaccurate simplification for natural selection. | Survival of the fittest
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