Test 1
Help!
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| Amino | NH2
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| Hydroxyl | OH
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| Carboxyl | COOH
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| Sulfide | SH
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| Carbonyl | CO
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| Phosphate | H2PO4
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| Glycosidic Bond | Two hydroxyls (Carbs)
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| Ester Bond | Hydroxyl + Carboxyl (Lipids)
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| Phosphoester | Hydroxyl + Phosphate (phospholipids)
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| Thioester | Sulfhydryl + Carboxyl
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| Peptide | Amino + Carboxyl
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| Anhydridc | Two phosphates
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| Gram Positive contains | -lipoteichoic acid
-mycolic acids
-polysaccharides
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| Gram Negative contains | -lipoprotein
-porin proteins
-lipopolysaccharides
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| Both Gram negative and positive contain | -peptidoglycan
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| Gram positive permeability & stain | -more permeable
-stains purple
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| Gram negative permeability & stain | -less permeable
-stains red
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| coccus/ diplococci / tetrads | round/ 2 round / 4 round
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| streptococci | chains of coccus
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| staphlococci | clusters of coccus
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| sarcina | cubes of coccus
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| bacillus/ diplo bacilli | rod shaped/ 2 rod
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| coccobacillus | short & plump rod
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| steptobacilli | chain bacillus
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| vibrio | gently curved
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| spirilum | spiral shaped
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| spirochete | spiral, flexible, flagella
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| Eukaryotic cells distinct characteristics | -true nucleus & nuclear envelope
-mitosis
-golgi apparatus
-ER
-mitochondria
-cilia (some)
-larger than proks
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| Both Euk & Prok | -nucleic acids
-chromosomes (some prok)
-ribosomes (some prok)
-enzymes
-flagella (some)
-cell membrane
-cell wall (some)
-capsule (some)
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| Mitosis: Interphase | 1. chromosomes as chromatin
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| Mitosis: Prophase | 2. chromosomes with a thread like appearance
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| Mitosis: Metaphase | 3. cross shaped chromosomes, duplicates attached at center point
*nuclear membrane disrupted
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| Mitosis: Anaphase | 4. Spindle fibers attach & facilitate separation of individual chromosomes
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| Mitosis: Telophase | 5. completes chromosomal separation
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| Endosymbiosis Theory | -Lynn Marguilis, 1967
1. prok engulfed, survives surrounded by membrane
2. bacteria multiplies, passed on in cell division, is an energy source
3. euk develops additional membrane pouches
[ER & golgi]
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| Evidence for endosymbiosis theory | -mitochondria have bacterial membranes & are sensitive to bacterial antibiotics
-DNA is circular
-function of enzymes in inner membrane similar
-tRNAs in mitosis similar in both
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| Characteristics of life | -growth
-metabolism
-reproduction
-response to stimuli
-cell support/ protection
-transport of nutrients & wastes
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| sporulation | formation of endospores
hardiest of all life forms
not means of reproduction
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| germination | return to vegetative growth
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| Rough ER | proteins synthesized & packaged
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| Smooth ER | nutrient processing, storage of lipids
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| Golgi | packages proteins
stack of flattened sheets: cisternae
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| Lysosomes | enzymes, digestion of food, protection
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| Mitochondria | energy production, folds (cristae): hold enzymes and electron carriers
divide independently
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| Ribosomes | rRNA & proteins
protein synthesis
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Created by:
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