Social Structure and Society
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| role | an expected behavior associated with a particular status
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| right | a behavior that individuals expect from others
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| obligation | a behavior that individuals are expected to perform towards others
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| role performance | the actual conduct, or behavior, exhibited by people as they carry out a role
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| social interaction | any of the processes by which people influence one another as they interrelate
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| role conflict | the situation that exists when expectations for, or perfomance of, a role in one status clash with expectations for, or performance of, a role in another status
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| role strain | the situation that occurs when a person has trouble meeting the many roles connected with a single status
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| incompatible | unable to be reconciled (unable to fix conflicts to that came exists between two roles)
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| social structure | the pattern of social relationship within a group
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| status | a position a person occupies within a social structure
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| ascribed status | a position in a social structure that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned to a person
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| achieved status | a position in a social structure that is earned or chosen
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| status set | all the statuses a person occupies at any given time
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| master status | a position that strongly influences most other aspects of a person's life
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| society | a group of people living within defined territorial borders and sharing a common culture
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| hunting and gathering society | a society that survives by hunting animals and gathering edible plants
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| accompany | to go along with someone engaging in anactivity
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| horticultural society | a society that survives primarily through using simple tools to grow plants
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| pastoral society | a society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals
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| domesticated | tamed (a plant or animal that is controlled by humans)
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| agricultural society | a society that uses plows and draft animals (oxen, horses, etc.)
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| industrial society | a society that depends on science and technology to produce basic goods and services
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| mechanization | the process of replacing animal and human power with machine power
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| urbanization | the shifting of the population from farms and villages to large cities
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| gemeinschaft | a preindustrial society based on tradition, kinship, and close
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| gesellschaft | an industrial society characterized by weak family ties, competition and impersonal social relationships
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| social solidarity | the degree to which a society is unified
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| mechanical solidarity | a type of social unity achieved by people doing the same type of work and holding similar values
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| consensus | a broad agreement; an agreement by many/most within a group
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| organic solidarity | a type of social unity in which members' interdependence is based on specialized functions and statuses
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| postindustrial society | a society in which the economic emphasis is on providing services and information
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