SALT 9th Science - Chp 12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Albert Einstein | proposed the General Theory of Relativity, which contains a geometric explanation of gravity
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| Aristotle | a Greek philosopher whose often erroneous ideas about nature were accepted unquestioningly for almost 2000 years
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| Galileo Galilei | the Italian scientist who first demonstrated that the acceleration of a falling object does not depend on the mass of the object
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| Isaac Newton | the scientist who formulated the laws of motion and gravitation
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| Principia | a book written by Newton and published in 1687 that contained the laws of motion and universal gravitation
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| mechanics | the branch of physics that deals with objects in motion
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| speed | distance traveled in a given time
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| scalar quantity | a physical quantity having magnitude but not direction; an example is speed
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| velocity | the speed of an object in a particular direction
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| vector quantity | a physical quantity having both magnitude and direction; an example is velocity
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| vector | an arrow that represents the magnitude and direction of a physical quantity on a diagram
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| resultant | an arrow on a diagram that shows the combined effect of two or more vectors
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| vector addition | the process of stringing several vectors together tip to tail in order to find the resulting velocity
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| force | the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another
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| acceleration | in physics, any change in speed, in direction, or in both speed an direction
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| deceleration | negative acceleration
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| Pythagorean theorem | states that the square of the long side of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides
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| 1st law of motion | states that the velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force; also called the law of inertia
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| inertia | the tendency of matter to resist changes in motion
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| mass | the quantity of matter an object contains
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| 2nd law of motion | states that the acceleration of an object acted upon by a force is directly related to the strength of the force and inversely related to the objects’ mass
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| newton | the SI unit of force
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| 3rd law of motion | states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; an example would be the recoil of a rifle; forces always exist in pairs
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| momentum | “p”; the “quantity of motion” of an object, equal to the product of the object’s mass and velocity
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| law of conservation of momentum | states that in any group of objects that act upon each other, the total momentum before the interaction equals the total momentum after the interaction
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| 9.8m/s2 | “g”; the acceleration of gravity at the surface of the earth
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| law of universal gravitation | states that any two objects attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
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| electromagnetic force | the fundamental force that affects only those particles that have an electric charge
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| gravitational force | the weakest fundamental force, and the only force that affects all types of particles
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| strong nuclear force | the strongest of the four fundamental forces; binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus
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| weak nuclear force | the only fundamental force that strongly affects the neutrino
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| a = vf-vi / t | formula used to calculate how much an object has accelerated by comparing its initial and final velocities
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| c2 = a2 + b2 | formula used to calculate the length of the long side of a right triangle
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| d = ½gt2 | formula used to calculate how far an object will fall (because of gravity) in a given time
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| F = Gm1m2 / d2 | formula used to calculate the strength of the gravitational force that exists between two objects
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| f = ma | formula that states the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration
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| p = mv | formula used to calculate the momentum of an object
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| s = d / t | formula used to calculate the speed of an object
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