WVSOM -- Medical Neuroscience -- Cerebellum
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| What is the function of the cerebellum? | regulation or control of movements, particularly skilled movements.
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| What is the primary role of the cerebellum? | detect the difference or motor error between an intended movement and the actual movement, and then thru its conne tions with upper motor neurons to reduce the error.
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| When does the cerebellum affect a motor act? | BOTH while it is in progress AND before it is executed
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| What is the cerebellum’s secondary role? | to maintain posture, muscle tone and equilibrium
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| Where does the cerebellum receive a continuous stream of inputs? | recptors inmuscles, tendons, joints, skin and form the vestibular, visual and auditory centers.
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| Is the cerebellum involved in conscious perception? | NO even with the multiple sensory inputs
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| Where do cerebellar efferents go? | brain stem, spinal cord and the cortex via the VL nucleus of the thalamus
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| What efferents go to the VL nucleus? | basal ganglia and cerebellar efferents
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| What three parts does the cerebellum consist of? | Cortex, white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei
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| What are the 4 nuclei of the deep cerebellar nuclei? | dentate nucleusemboliform nucleus, globose nucleus and fastigial nucleus
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| What makes up the interposed nuclei? | the globose and emboliform nucleus
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| What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum? | anterior lobe, posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe
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| What is the largest lobe? | posterior lobe
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| What is the smallest lobe? | flocculonodular lobe
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| What are folds in the cerebellum called? | folia
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| How many folia are in the cerebellum? | 10 with 1 being most rostral and 10 being most caudal
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| What is the largest part of the hindbrain? | cerebellum
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| What are peduncles? | pairs of fiber bundles in which the axons and pathways travel thru
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| What are the 3 pairs of peduncles? | superior cerebella peduncle, middle cerebellar pduncle and inferior cerebellar peduncle
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| What is the vestibulocerebellum? | functional term for flocculonodular lobe
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| What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum? | influences eye movement and controlling posture and equilibrium via connections with vestibular system
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| What is the spinocerebellum? | consists of vermal and paravermal areas of the cerebellar cortex
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| What is the function of the spinocerebellum? | receives extensive input from the spinal cord and is concerned with control of movements via descending spinal pathways.
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| Where does the spinocerebellum send projections to? | fastigialand interposed nuclei
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| What kind of connections does the vestibulocerebellum have? | reciprocal connections with vestibular nuclei.
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| What is the cerebrocerebellum? | consists of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres
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| Where does the cerebrocerebellum send projections to? | extensive thalamocortical projections
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| What is the function of there cerebrocerebellum? | concerned with the coordination of the distal limb movements via connections with corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts
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| What are the 5 cell types found in the cerebellar cortex? | purkinje, stellate, basket, golgi and granule
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| What do granule cells secrete? | glutamate
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| What cell types secrete GABA? | purkinje, stellate, basket, and golgi
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| What cell types are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum? | stellate and basket cells
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| Where are granule cells found? | granule layer
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| What are the axons that project into the cerebellum? | mossy fibers and climbing fibers; they are excitatory
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| What are climbing fibers? | climbing fibers sends sensory information about motor and sensory systems into the cerebellum from the inferior olive
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| What happens when the cerebellum is excited? | activation of granule cells and cerebellar nuclei.
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| What does activation of granule cells do? | activate purkinje cells
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| What do purkinje cells do? | inhibitory and project axons into the cerebellar nuclei which then in turn project axons out to the cerebellum
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| What are the 3 main pathways of the cerebellum? | vestibulocerebellar pathway, spinocerebellar pathway and cerebrocerebellar pathway
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| What does the vestibular system do? | provides information about the dynamics of head movement to the cerebellum permitting it to integrate and process this information and send it back down to the vestibular nuclei
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| What travels thru the cerebellar peduncles in the vestibulocerebellar pathway? | cerebellar afferents and efferents
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| What does the spinocerebellar pathway consist of? | vermis and the intermediate zone
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| What are the 3 spinocerebellar inputs to the cerebellum? | Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, ventral spinocerebellar tract and the cuneocerebellar tract
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| What do the 3 spinocerebellar tracts convey information for? | concerning muscle length and changes in length, tension in tendons and touch and pressure from skin to the cerebellum for unconscious control of movements
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| What receptors are involved in the spinoccerebellar pathway? | GTOSs, muscle spindles, touchadn pressure receptors
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| What is the make up of the cerebrocerebellum? | most of the cerebellar hemispheres
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| Where does neocortical input to the cerebellum arise from? | nearly all the ccerebral cortex but most dense are brodmann’s areas 4, 3012 and 17
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| What is dysmetria? | overshooting and undershooting movements
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| What is dysdiadochokinesia? | inability to perform rapid, alternating movements
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| What does alcohol do to cerebellar function? | disrupts cerebellar function and results in inaccurate movements
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| What are ataxic movements? | jerky and inaccurate movements
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| What is the hallmark of cerebellar damage? | difficulty producing smooth and accurate movements
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Created by:
tjamrose