Oral Solution 2 - DDS II
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| True or False: Propylene glycol has properties that make it useful as a preservative. | True
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| True or False: Propylene glycol has properties that make it useful as a colorant. | False
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| True or False: Glycerin has properties that make it useful as a colorant. | False
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| Why are antioxidants used in an oral solution? | To prevent degradation due to oxidation.
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| Propylene glycol is what kind of preservative? | Antimicrobial preservative
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| True or False: Glycerin has properties that make it useful as a preservative. | True
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| True or False: Glycerin has properties that make it useful as a sweetener. | True
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| Why are perfumes used in an oral solution? | To give it a particular smell
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| Why are buffers used in an oral solution? | To maintain pH to protect the drug from pH related instability
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| Alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, butylhydroxytoluene, sodium ascorbate, and socium bisulfite are all examples of _____________. | Antioxidants used in oral solutions
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| True or False: A sour drug tastes best when flavored with salty, or sweet flavors. | False
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| True or False: A bad tasting drug can be rendered tasteless by using less soluble form of the drug. | True
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| True or False: Emulsifying oils does nothing to improve the palatability of an oil. | False
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| True or False: Oils can be emulsified to improve palatability. | True
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| True or False: A viscous vehicle will not reduce the contact of the drug with the taste buds on the tongue and therefore does not improve the palatability. | False
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| True or False: A viscous vehicle can be used to reduce the contact of the drug with the taste buds on the tongue. | True
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| What is the advantage and disadvantage of preparing a syrup by agitation? | Maximum stability; More time-consuming
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| How can a syrup be preserved without adding preservatives? | Storage at low temperature; High concentration of sucrose as a part of the formulation
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| What is an elixir? | A sweetened, hydro-alcoholic solution intended for oral use
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| True or False: The proportion of alcohol present in elixirs varies from 4-40%. | True
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| True or False: The proportion of alcohol present in elixirs varies from 3-30%. | False
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| What is the preservative used in elixirs? | Alcohol
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| True or False: A tincture is an alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic of volatile or aromatic substances. | False
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| What is missing from the dry powder for solution? | Solvent
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| True or False: Acidic drugs are usually tasteless. | False
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| True or False: The proportion of alcohol present in elixirs varies from 5-50%. | False
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| True or False: For solid products usually a 0.1% is enough to impart uniform pastel color. | True
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| True or False: For solid products usually a 0.01% is enough to impart uniform pastel color. | False
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| True or False: Inorganic low molecular ionic compounds usually taste sweet. | False
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| Benzoic acid is what kind of preservative? | Antifungal preservative
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| Methyl-, propyl- and butyl-parabens are what kind of preservatives? | Antifungal preservatives
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| Benzalkonium chloride is what kind of preservative? | Antimicrobial preservative
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| What two ways are there of improving the palatability of an oral solution? | Add an anesthetizing agent; Take with a carbonated beverage (CO2 anesthetizes the taste buds)
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| What are the three main categories or oral solutions? | Syrups, elixir, and dry mixture for solution.
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| A concentrated, aqueous preparations of a sugar or sugar-substitute with or without added flavoring agents and medicinal substances are called ______. | Syrups
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| A syrup containing flavoring agents but not medicinal substances are called ________. | Nonmedicated or flavored vehicles (syrups)
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| True or False: The sucrose in Simple Syrup can prevent microbial growth. | True
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| True or False: Dry mixture for solution is considered an oral solution. | True
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| True or False: If Simple Syrup is diluted there is no need for preservatives since sucrose will prevent microbial growth. | False
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| What are the componenets of a sucrose, or non-sucrose based syrup? | Sugar, antimicrobial preservative, flavorant and colorant
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| What components are good for syrups for diabetic patients? | Methylcellulose and hydroxythylcellulose
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| When adding and alcohol soluble substance and a water soluble substance together, which is added to which? | Water soluble substances are added to alcohol soluble substances.
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| True or False: Syrups are better than elixirs from maintaining both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution. | False
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| True or False: Elixirs are better than syrups from maintaining both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution. | True
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| Define tincture. | Alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions from vegetable substances or non-volatile substances.
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| True or False: Oral rehydration solutions (for diarrhea) can be mixed with milk or fruit juices for rehydration. | False
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| True or False: Oral rehydration solutions (for diarrhea) should not be mixed with or given with other electrolyte-containing liquids, such as milk or fruit juices. | True
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| True or False: A solution is not necessarily completely homogenous. | False
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| Why is the therapeutic response faster with oral solutions? | The drug in solution is immediately available for absorption
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| What are five disadvantages of solutions? | Dose inaccuracy, Unpleasant taste, Bulky, Instability, Microbial contamination
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| True or False: The taste of a drug is usually more pronounced in a solid form than in a solution. | False
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| True or False: The taste of a drug is usually more pronounced in a solution than in a solid form. | True
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| True or False: Solutions are stable and therefore do not require the incorporation of a preservative. | False
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| How should patients with difficulty swallowing solids take a medication? | Place the dose on the back of the tongue and tilt the head forward.
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| What is added to an oral solution to mask an unpleasant taste of an active ingredient? | Flavors and sweeteners
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