Foundations for Geometry- vocabulary
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| undefined term | a basic figure that is not defined in terms of other figures: point, line, plane
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| point | (an undefined term in geometry) it names a location and has no size
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| line | (an undefined term in geometry) a straight path that has no thickness and extends forever
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| plane | (an undefined term in geometry) a flat surface that has no thickness and extends forever
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| collinear | points that lie on the same line
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| coplanar | points that lie on the same plane
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| segment of a line | a part of a line consisting of two endpoints and all points between them
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| endpoint | a point at an end of a segment of the starting point of a ray
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| ray | a part of a line that starts at an endpoint and extends forever in one direction
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| opposite rays | two rays that have a common endpoint and form a line
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| postulate (also called an axiom) | a statement that is accepted as true without proof
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| Postulate 1-1-1 | Through any two points there is exactly one line.
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| Postulate 1-1-2 | Through any three noncollinear points there is exactly one plane containing them.
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| Postulate 1-1-3 | If two points lie in a plane, then the line containing those points lies in the plane.
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| Postulate 1-1-4 | If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point.
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| Postulate 1-1-5 | If two planes intersect, then they intersect in exactly one line.
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| coordinate | a number used to identify the location of a point
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| distance between two points | the absolute value of the difference of the coordinates of the points
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| length | the distance between the two endpoints of a segment
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| congruent segments | two segments that have the same length
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| construction | a method of creating a figure that is considered to be mathematically precise; uses a compass and straightedge, geometry software, or paper folding
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| between | Given three points A, B, and C, B is between A and C if and only if all three of the points lie on the same line, and AB + BC = AC.
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| midpoint | the point that divides a segment into two congruent segments
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| bisect | to divide into two congruent parts
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| segment bisector | a line, ray, or segment that divides a segment into two congruent segments
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| Ruler Postulate (1-2-1) | The points on a line can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers.
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| Segment Addition Postulate (1-2-2) | If B is between A and C, then AB + BC = AC.
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| angle | a figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint
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| vertex of an angle | the common endpoint of the sides of the angle
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| interior of an angle | the set of all points between the sides of an angle
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| exterior of an angle | the set of all points outside an angle
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| degree | a unit of angle measure (1/360 of a circle)
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| acute angle | an angle that measures greater than 0º and less than 90º
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| right angle | an angle that measures 90º
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| obtuse angle | an angle that measures greater than 90º and less than 180º
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| straight angle | a 180º angle
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| congruent angles | angles that have the same measure
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| angle bisector | a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles
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| Protractor Postulate (1-3-1) | Given line AB and a point O on line AB, all rays that can be drawn from O can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers from 0 to 180.
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| Angle Addition Postulate (1-3-2) (∠ Add. Post.) | If S is the in the interior of ∠PQR, then m∠PQS + m∠SQR = m∠PQR.
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| adjacent angles | two angles in the same plane with a common vertex and a common side but no common interior points
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| linear pair | a pair of adjacent angles whose noncommon sides are opposite rays (form a straight line)
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| complementary angles | two angle whose measures have a sum of 90º
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| supplementary angles | two angles whose measures have a sum of 180º
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| vertical angles | the nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
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| perimeter (definition) | the sum of the sides lengths of a close plane figure
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| area (definition) | the number of nonoverlapping unit squares of a given size that will exactly cover the interior of a plane figure
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| base of a triangle | any side of a triangle
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| height of a triangle | a segment from a vertex that forms a right angle with a line containing the base
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| diameter | a segment that has endpoints on the circle and that passes through the center of the circle
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| radius of a circle | a segment who endpoints are the center of a circle and a point on the circle
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| circumference (definition) | the distance around the circle
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| pi (π) | the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ≈ 3.14...
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| coordinate plane | a plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis
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| leg of a right triangle | one of the two sides of the right triangle that form the right angle
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| hypotenuse | the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle
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| Pythagorean Theorem (Thm 1-6-1) | In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse.
(a^2 + b^2 = c^2)
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| transformation | a change in the position, size, or shape of a figure or graph
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| preimage | the original figure in a transformation
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| image | a shape that results from a transformation of a figure known as the preimage
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| reflection | a transformation across a line such that the line of reflection is the perpendicular bisector of each segment joining each point and its image
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| rotation | a transformation about the point P such that each point and its image are the same distance from P
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| translation | a transformation that shifts or slides every point of a figure or graph the same distance in the same direction
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| congruent | having the same size and shape, denoted by ≅
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| Pythagorean Triples | a set of three nonzero whole numbers that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem (such as {3,4,5}, {5,12,13}, or {7,24,25})
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Created by:
rismith
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