First Aid: Microbiology 1
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| What component is unique to gram positive cell walls? | Techoic acid
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| What component is unique to gram negative cell walls? | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Endotoxin
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| Treponema do not gram stain well, so what method would be used to visualize this bacteria? | Darkfield microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining
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| Mycobacteria do not gram stain well so what method is used to visualize them? | Acid fast
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| Legionella do not gram stain well so what method is used to visualize them? | Silver stain
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| What is more fatal, exotoxin or endotoxin? | exotoxin
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| What induces high-titer antibodies and is used in vaccines, exotoxin or endotoxin? | exotoxin
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| Which is NOT secreted from the cell, exotoxin or endotoxin? | endotoxin
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| Binds directly to MHC-II and T-cell receptor activating T cells to release IFN-gamma and IL-2 | Superantigens; TSST-1
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| Responsible for toxic shock syndrome? | TSST-1 released by Staph. aureus; Strep. pyogenes can also cause toxic shock-like symptoms
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| Most common cause of meningitis, otitis media (children), pneumonia, and sinusitis | Streptococcus pneumonia; "MOPS"
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| ADP-ribosylating toxin of this organism inactivates EF-2 leading to pseudomembranous pharyngitis? | Corynebacterium diptheriae (Pseudomonas also inactivate EF-2 but more closely related to burn victims not pharyngitis)
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| ADP ribosylating toxin of these organism leads to G protein stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. B component has a preference for intestinal epithelium. | Vibrio cholerae; E. coli has a heat labile toxin that works in a similar manner to cause watery diarrhea
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| This organisms heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase (instead of adenylate cyclase like its heat labile counterpart) | E. coli
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| ADP ribosylating toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase to cause whooping cough? | Bordetella pertussis
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| The alpha-toxin of this organism causes gas gangrene and double zone of hemolysis on blood agar. | Clostridium perfringens
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| Toxin of this organism blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine? | C. tetani; causes "lockjaw"
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| Toxin of this organism blocks the release of acetylcholine? | C. botulinum; causes flaccid paralysis "floppy baby"
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| Toxin of this organism kills enterocytes resulting in pseudomembranous colitis? | C. difficile, often secondary to the antibiotic clindamycin or ampicillin
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| This toxin cleaves host cell rRNA? | Shiga toxin produced by shigella (also produced by some strains of E. coli)
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| The toxin of this organism is a hemolysin? | streptolysin O of S. pyogenes(Beta hemolytic)
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| Endotoxin activates release of what factors from macrophages? | IL-1 (fever), TNF (fever, hemorrhagic tissue necrosis), NO (hypotension)
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| Endotoxin activates which members of the complement pathway? | C3a and C5a
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| Endotoxin activates what factor to cause DIC? | Hageman factor
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| How would you differentiate between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae (lab test)? | Meningitidis ferments maltose and gonorrhoeae does not
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| How would you differentiate between the cocci staphylococcus and streptococcus? | Staph is catalase positive and strep is catalase negative
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| What are 3 common gram positive rods? | Clostridium, listeria, bacillus, corynebacterium
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| This coccoid rod requires chocolate agar with factor V and X for isolation. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| This obligate aerobe requires a Lowenstein-Jensen agar for isolation? | M. tuberculosis
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| PAS positive macrophages are found in this disease. | Whipple's disease
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| This organism is identified by india ink. | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| This two organisms are difficult to gram stain because they can't make their own ATP. | Rickettsia and chlamydia, intracellular organisms
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| How would you distinguish strep pneumonia from viridans streptococci? | Both are catalase negative (strep) and alpha hemolytic; pneumo is optochin sensitive and viridans is optochin resistant
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| Ingestion of this gram positive cocci's preformed toxin is a common cause of food poisening. | Staphylococcus aureus
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| This organisms of normal flora can cause subacute endocarditis? | Viridans streptococci (often as dental procedure sequelae)
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| This organism of normal flora can infect prosthetic devices, catheters, and contaminate blood cultures. | Staphylococcus epidermidis
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| This gram positive, spore forming bacilli produces an alpha toxin that can cause myonecrosis, gas gangrene, or hemolysis. | C. perfringens
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| Gram positive, spore forming bacilli that can cause painless ulceration on skin contact or progressive pulmonary problems on inhalation. | Bacillus anthracis
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| Treatment for gram-positive rods forming long branching filaments resembling fungi. | Actinomyces israelii and Nocardia asteroides; SNAP (Sulfa for Nocordia, Actinomyces use Penicillin)
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| The outer membrane layer of these organisms inhibit entry of penicillin G and vancomycin. | Gram negative bugs; some may however be susceptible to derivatives of penicillin G such as ampicillin
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Created by:
rahjohnson
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