Ms. Love- Respiratory system and drugs
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| histamine | present in heart, lungs, gastric mucosa and skin. Acts in response to injury dilating arterioles and increased permeability of capillaries and venules
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| histamine released in... | inflammatory response, allergic reactions, hypsersensivity such as anaphylactic shock
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| Dilation of arterioles results in | localized redness
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| increased permeability of capillaries and venules results in | escape of fluid form blood vessels into surrounding tissues causing localized swelling
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| antihistamines | drugs that counteract effects of histamine on body organs and structures
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| general use of antihistamine | relief of allergies, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, allergic reactions to drugs, mild angioneurotic edema and urticaria, nausea &vomiting, motion sickness, sedation, adjuncts to analgesics
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| antihistmaine common adverse reactions | drowsiness, sedation
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| antihistamine contraindications | known sensitivity, pregnancy, lactating women, lower repiratory tract diseases
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| antihistamine drug interactions | monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) addictive sedative effect with CNS depressants
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| why no antihistamines for lower respiratory tract diseases? | drying effect on respiratory tract may cause thickening of the respiratory secretions and make expectoration more difficult
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| "anticholinergic effects" in antihistamine | dry mouth, nose and throat thickening of bronchial secretions
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| decongestant | drug that reduces swelling of the nasal passages causingopening of the nsal passages and enhance drainage of sinuses
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| decongestant common uses | temp. relief of nasal congestion d/t common cold, hay fever, sinusitis and respiratory allergies
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| nasal drugs are sympathomimetic meaning | they produce localized vasoconstriction of the small blood vessels of the nasal membranes
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| decongestant contraindications | known hypersensitivity, hypertension, severe coronary artery disease, MAOIs
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| Overuse of nasal decongestant causes | rebound nasal congestion
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| asthma | reversible obstructive disease of lower airway
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| what happens with asthma | increasing airway obstruction caused by bronchospasm and bronchostriction, inflammation and edema of the bronchiole linings and thick mucus production that can clog airways
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| extrinsic asthma | allergic asthma in response to allergen such as pollen, dust, animal dander
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| intrinsic asthma | non allergic asthma caused by recurrent respiratory infections, emotional upset, exercise
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| mixed asthma | caused by both extrinsic and intrinsic
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| bronchodilator | relieves bronchospasm
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| sympathomimetics | drugs that mimic the sympathetic nervous system
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| sympathomimetic adverse reactions | restlessness, anxiety, increase in blood pressure, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias and insomnia
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| xanthine derivatives | drugs that stimulate the CNS resulting in bronchodilation
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